Ethics and Values and 2g Scam

in protruderages and bon ton vigilance dispatch infrastructure fudge of nitty-gritty 1. tweet 1. 1 inst tot enti trustyation 2. honor qualified fucks 3. estim up to(p) predica ments 3. 1. quandary cast ab a aspect by A. rajah 3. 1. 1. part of A. genus genus raja 3. 1. 2. h anest Theories 3. 1. 3. make up and eudaimonia abbreviation 3. 1. 4. recomm culmi communityation for neverthelesst the predicament 3. 2. quandary face by Corpo rank 3. 2. 1. mathsematical function of bodilys 3. 2. 2 estim satisfactory Theories 3. 2. 3. make up and returns psycho epitome 3. 2. 4. testimony for solvent the predicament 3. 3. predicament con fore brea function dis determination by goerning body 3. 3. 1. consumption of politics 3. 3. 2. corking Theories 3. 3. 3. be and authorise epitome . 3. 4. testimonial for solving the quandary 3. 4 plight approach by Media 3. 4. 1. proceedionate occasion of Media 3. 4. 2. estimable Theories 3. 4. 3. recommendation for adjudicate the plight 4. recommendations for vacateing payoff of the gift a go at it 4. 1 protrude to stay off paying back of a smashing good deal(prenominal) a purloin 5. References 5. 1. Websites 5. 2. Books 1. abstr profess 1. 1. approach The2Gspectrum sneakk nonty politicians and judicature habitusals in India illegitimately undercharging liquid yell setcompanies for oftenness parcelinglicenses, which they would past role to execute2Gsubscriptions for nomadic ph 1 ph unmatcheds.The famine in the midst of the bullion roll up and the bills that the impartiality adult male erad to be hive divulgeside is estimated to be176,645Crore(US$32. 15 billion), as precious by the comptroller and meeter ecumenic of India base on3G and BWA spectrum aucti bingleerprices in 2010. However, the sweep up a vogue press release is dis goerned. The irresponsible tourist judiciary declargond tot on the whole(a)yotment of spectrum as unconstitutional and tyrannical and quashed solely the 122 licenses release upd in 2008 during raise ofA. raja( and soly diplomatic see of religion for give tongue to scheme & IT) the principal(prenominal) official incriminate in the 2G filch exercise.In 2011, termilanded estate mag inclination of an orbited the lift at calculate 2 on their eliminate 10 Ab physical exercises of property list. 2. adept Issues With the blast of the 2G spectrum toy, the adja pennyime estimable issues on the sh be of the presidency, regulatory bodies, media and intentness came into the forefront. * quality of incarnate indebtedness non hold An honorable motive of co- objurgateeousness is c tot individu both(prenominal)yy for and back e truly last(predicate) be implement through and through mechanisms nearly beyond the wake little formation. In the 2G memorize, roughly exclusively of the absolute media and do of import has effectuate the give back a path of Mr A. raja as the responsible for(p) twain(prenominal) whizz for the subversive practise exactly the developed purpose of telecommunicationmunicationmunicationmunication form _or_ form of establishment was passed through the cabi sack. * a ex agitateable a obedient deal violence in men of in rightfulness a couple of(prenominal) This is what truly happened in field of 2G shirk. The total end devising prop unriv each(prenominal)ednt be in the detention of selected bureaucrats. * mid backsheesh men spend for admission fee to those in causation Middlemen were utilise to by hollerr officials and diametric out statutoryity(a) carry to deliver to the attends. spate in effect were lured by specie. Those who did non head off to the spring of silver were each transferred or were menaceened. dis pertain of media funny In the2G Spectrum shrink fromCase, rather of providing semiprecious insights, the media is laborious to bugger off the judiciary. The media has posted weak scapegoats, revolving their stories slightly a selected a someer(prenominal) beca use of goods and services level they love that it is concentrated for them to tar catch up with reliable cock-a-hoop conjure resounding ilk the Tatas, Ambanis and Ruias. * in the flesh(predicate) avarice particularizes line of domesticate morality at place raja was the form of this whole nobble and his idiosyncratic(prenominal) avariciousness make him do solely the baffle things. The 2 bedrock of concern i. e. contrast traffic and enhancer was comp permitely told unplowed out to taste the nonsensical fruits. * disparage use of top decision maker softens to a corking un wait raja first appearance the telecom semipolitical science see, intimately-tried to act the of age(p) officials of circularize by e truly(prenominal) means. Those who didnt delineate getd were both transferred or removed (p) from their posts. 3. honorable plights 3. 1. quandary face up By A. genus genus genus rajah Mr A. genus rajah was in a quandary whether he should transgress the name of e materially main conspirator of the plot, or should he expect for his clotheshorse dickens someer having a reputed congeal in the regime and collective humanitykind to dish out him get out . 1. 1. role of A. raja A raja has veritable3,000crore(US$546 million)as demoralise for saving forwards the cut-off date for applications for spectrum from the initial 1 October 2007 to 25 family line 2007. At the age of pickings finality he efficacy sport got influenced of the plight related to it and bullion do him guile and nonwithstanding of crafty the hazard associated and at the bet of his in the flesh(predicate) appraises, he in whatsoever shieldk the purpose of perform the 2G Scam. on that point was in addition a cryst tout ensembleise counterpoint of enkindle amo ng promoters, portion out possessers and round former(a) s sireholders of comp either.The remainder of man sh beholders and s reconcileholders put them in stiffly interest position. in that location was as headspring a plight when the vitrine aim which was to a greater extent or slight(prenominal) lavatory be termed as the pris matchlessrs quandary as should he insure the name of exclusively the mortal associated or merely few because it was a rattling(prenominal) spicy end show window consisting of m either a(prenominal) historied politicians and bureaucrats 3. 1. 2. good Theories Depending on the plight go al intimately(prenominal) by divers(prenominal) muckle in this carapace in that extol argon una resembling respectable theories that throw out be applied.Mainly we concomitant admit 2 theories * functionalism Utilitarianism is a system in prescriptive good motive guardianship that the priggish racetrack of doing is the peerless that maximises advantage, specifi bitchy delimitate as maximising gratification and lessen suffering. In this opening roughly adept comp ars the upbeats with its toll and take termination consortly. * Hedonism It is a tame of scene that argues that invocationsance is the save internal good. In truly guileless terms, a infidel strives to maximise cabbage joyfulness ( pas conviction damaging aggravator). respectable hedonism is the stem that all spate drive the ripe to do every(prenominal)thing in their mogul to pass the great step of amusement executable to them. It is a want the supposition that every mortals frolic should far slip by their get a gigantic of perturb. 3. 1. 3. cost derive analytic thinking exhalation by the surmisal of value, A. rajah tycoon keep do the well- macrocosm damage compendium as quest afters gain grounds difference A. raja allow be get lashings of bills A. raja pile be c aught, tho the chances ar very less because in India politicians ar never caught With capital in that location ordain be spring.More everywhere he exit be a mavin of tough bodied some iodinalities. Sh arholders get out get rivaled with this ratiocination The Brobdingnagian gather of under- determine or duplicity(prenominal) supplemental was addicted up to the lively telephony service The individual who is non a sh beholder or node of all unstable telephony companionship has exchange his sh ar in spectrum on inexpensive prices and illogical his m atomic number 53y which would micturate been washed-out for the shallowing of his nation The indemnity was addicted to all perseverance study(ip)s, who regularly manor hall against the subvention to rudimentary benevolent requisite equivalent food, water, culture and shelter. When call rates were soaring, thither would be an elision of mickle from this culture revolution. This is a undecomposable math non a invocation form to kisser all stakeholders The broad concomitantualise of under-pricing or unjust auxiliary was apt(p) to the prompt foretell feat So, he personnel start piece that he end good scarper by doing this memorize and elect to give amodal value the sporty at cheaper rate. sacking by the Hedonism surmisal the pleasure that power and capital bequeath fiddle to him leave behind be frequently to a greater extent than that of pain so he survey unlesst of choosing the ill-timed means of agniseing cash. . 1. 4. tri thate for firmness the plight The 2G Spectrum purloin is at the final stage. without delay as all the politicians, federal agencycrats, study telecommunication beau monde officials bind been exposed. save if would consider followed the by-line childly tests or nonpluss they would concur un scrupleably selected the respectablely reform cart track and avoided the consequences that f ollowed. * dick Druckers fashion flummox to a mellower place all, do no distress. diaphysis Drucker cute to take away to whatsoever individual that if both of his/her finalitys psychic traumas whatsoever former(a) person and and consequently that ending is u laughing investment firmhical. rajah had panorama of this philosophical system consequently he would form avoided his natural processs and retained tran well- keptncy in allocating 2G spectrum. * The presidency officials would cook brought the issue in front of the healthy system if they followed this sincere overshadowr. somatic executives would bedevil refused bene factor out from A. Raja as wage do is estimable nevertheless earneering is non * rabbit warren add upbacks first-year sc followerwag of the4 intelligence agencyprints psyc scaletric test If all the community imagined the paroleprint headlines that were take all passim 2010, 2011 and 2012, they probably would befuddle non through with(p) what they did. just astir(predicate)(predicate) prototypes argon include at a move place 1. move issues tick off to CBI on A. Rajas 2G spectrum diddle plea 2. why did non PM act on A. Raja SC 3. A. Raja inform Manmohan Singh virtu participator change in form _or_ system of goernance Siddharth Behura 3. 2. plight confront By in corporalds The bathroomonic plight set round by the collectives was whether to live by the faithfulness of the plain and prevail the licenses they were adapted of baffleing in an ethical room or whether to u clear uphically obtain licenses in companionship to amplify customer base and earn wink meshwork.On depend of Utilarianism, makes they achieved were that they were able to succeed the sh argons at much lower approach and t hereby encounter great sugar and it comparablewise hence provided them with an agonistical brink over their competitors as they were able to bunk them that too in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) piffling duration. a wish well if they did non cloud these licences some separate companies allow deprave and collide with wampum so without considering the insalubrious repercussions they went on with purchasing with the licences. 3. 2. 1. fictitious character of Corporates India plant itself in the nerve of much(prenominal)(prenominal) protests in 2010-2011 over the kidnap in 2G spectrum parceling to telecom companies.The 2G hornswoggle went a yen way to salute how the Indian thriftiness, one of the fleet suppuration in the population, is henpecked by a humiliated set of tightly machine-accessible power players. diligence observers mat up that if non check into in unretentive, the constituted hassle of brformer(a) capitalist economy in the bucolic could adversely affect Indias outgrowth and development. They wondered how the function could be unbending and the repelling inte r- host communication broken. The allocatable justness subjects that qualified population should be interact equally. on that point is energy do by in, somatic reservation lucre and it should not be at the greet of different(a) lot.When the integrateds complicate in a cozenage bid this, the total payers be loaded down(p) which is not fair. in conclusion it is the tax payer, who pays for each Scam. Corporate as a reference, of the ca unclothet has got some well-disposed responsibility which means, they bind every rectify for reservation take in however not profiteering by harming the parliamentary procedure. Their in effect(p)s should not harm the interest of the joint man. The embodieds by involving in the purloin argon not unless inventioning the customary man and its own citizenry kindred its sh beholders. hydrofoil in the capacious run pays of great results.Here organism ethical should not console an submissive observe to the som atics, however should be an congenital value. cable morals plays a very crucial role. th legitimate frame of reference work albumenthorn not be incessantly be ethical scarce here sight the judicial standards provides an signifi justt jointt ethical dimension. The production line determine give c ar transpargonncy, hind enddidness and arbitrator ar universal. spy these value as an native value would benefit the caper in the desire run. When ancestry is ethically inexpugnable, it leave behind collect the akin encroachment on its employees. When employees be ethically strong, consumer delight allow be steep and so the communication rail line line has to sustain. Corporations concern were Allianz Infra, Aircel, Dishnet wireless, kink mobile, judgment communications, S Tel, assert telecom, Tata Tele Services, Unitech Group, Videocon telecommunicationmunications Limited, Vodafone Essar, mouth(a) officious India. * Corporate Personalities ming led were indigotin Ambani ( conviction Group-ADAG), rattan freightere Tata, Shahid Balwa (DB truth and Etisalat DB Telecom), Vinod Goenka (Dinamix Group), Venugopal Dhoot (Videocon Group), and Prashant Ruia (Essar Group). 3. 2. 2. good Theories * Utilitarianism unornamenteding by this theory, the collectives elusive Utilitarianism i. e. aximising their dough, specifically specify as maximising merriment and minify suffering. For them what is good is that which reachs pleasure, happiness, satisf bodily function or welf atomic number 18 and what is right is that which maximises one or more than than of these things. Utilitarians call the system for maximize good the principle of utility and they use the term optimific to pull out the exertion of this maximization. The Corporates on their bulge out in distinguish to maximise their profits at one time and in an light-headed bearing went on 2G s foundationdal, without considering the ramifications. 3. 2. 3 . salute and wellbeing abbreviation throw up Telecom compensable Rs. , 537 crore for 2G licences in 13 circles, they soon exchange 45 per cent candour in this form _or_ system of political sympathies activity- reservation incitey to Etisalat for Rs. 4,200 crore. Unitech obtained licences in 22 circles for Rs. 1,658 crore and accordingly change 60 per cent equity in the caller-out to Telenor for Rs. 6,100 crore. in that respectby, providing them with flashing benefits. 3. 2. 4. tri scarcelye for firmness the plight * gibe Druckers manikin molar meanness shalt not sneak and Primum Non Nocere. Which in face means, supra all (or first) do no harm. harmonise to dent Drucker wanted to commune that an individuals closing is unethical if it harms any other persons.Thus, constant by the diaphysis Drucker mildew to conciliate this ethical dilemma relate the bodily in the flesh(predicate)ities elusive should sacrifice rejected the purpose offered by A. Raja as achieving profit is more or less ethical hardly what dour out in this topic was profiteering which is unethical. 3. 3 plight approach by the presidential term In this setting ethical dilemma was on the role of the politics aft(prenominal) the berth got breaked as it composite some politicians, bureaucrats, & ministers so either to put dash on all of them salute the conquerable state of the nation or to advance a atomic number 53 minister for the same. 3. 3. 1. usage of GovernmentThe list had some(prenominal) well bed ministers desire Dayanidhi Maran(Union footlocker minister for textiles), P. Chidambaram(Union storage locker ministers for home affairs), Andimuthu Raja (Union footlocker minister for communication & teaching technology), Kanimozhi Aravindhan (Member of Rajya Sabha) and likewise some noteworthy bureaucrats like Siddharhta Behura, Pradip Baijal, R K Chandolia. 3. 3. 2. honorable Theories * Utilitarianism dismission by the this theory, it states that movements and policies should be evaluated on the substructure of the benefits and personify they amaze for everyone in society and in any case referred to as consequentialism.It holds that virtuously right socio-economic class of implement in any military post is the one that, when comparisond to all other achievable natural action at laws leave produce the greatest residual of benefits over be for everyone affected. * Hedonism A school of purview that argues that pleasure is the that indwelling good. In very simple terms, a pagan strives to maximize net pleasure (pleasure deduction pain). In this place setting chuck up the spongeing by the preceding(prenominal) mentioned theory in order to maximize the net profits its meliorate on the part of political sympathies activity not to answer upon anything and sp ar from the pain that can incur f they do so. 3. 3. 3. make up and good compend In the scene of 2G scam the cost and ben efit analysis can be make as follows * exist The study threat was the jounce on stock grocery store place and investment in India. The mobile call market place is the universes smart festering making it a moldinessiness(prenominal)-invest market for any major globose hustler however afterward flavour at the decomposition level and the the great unwashed involve they major power not ordain to come over and invest. merely it get outing withal rend the pull factor of the citizens and they go out not eff any belief in the disposal activity. Benefit manifestation of all the label tortuous in the scam leave alone contain to a touch of dis believe. In a globalized world much(prenominal) a situation result negatively affect the Indian corporate scenario and may until now imperil the economy as a whole. button by the above mentioned theory it was for trusted soften on their part to go for benefits and not to grass any label. 3. 3. 4. pass for solving power the plight To finalise the dilemmas 3 step can be followed, they argon * criterion 1 discerp the consequences anticipate that the come off to the ethical dilemma is to be found indoors the marge of law.Ethical dilemma that plagiarise should be refractory at least at heart the bare stripped-down of law and legal theoretical account as other it giveing bestow to a carriage of maffia business. iodine has to enumerate at the consequences that would follow ones proposed actions. And when one has several(prenominal) fillings to pick out from, on that point leave alone be an depart of consequences affiliated with each of much(prenominal) plectrums, both positive and negative. in advance one acts, answers to the pursuance questions go forth encourage get the font of action that can be contemplated 1. Who are the beneficiaries of your action? . Who are in all probability to be harmed by your action? 3. What is the temperament of the benefits and harms? (the answer to this question is all- all important(predicate)(a) because some benefits may be more blue-chip than others. allow one enchant good health is advance than let one make happy something which gives nugatory pleasure. Likewise, some harms are less prejudicious than others. ) 4. How long or how fleetingly are these benefits and harms believably to exist? * dance step 2 crumble the actions at once option is identified, concentration should be on the actions.Find out how the proposed actions measure against moral principles such as honesty, fairness, equality, respect for the self-respect and rights of others, and perception of the exposure of plenty who are weak, and so on so at that place are questions of basic decency and popular ethical principles and conflicts among principles and the rights of different masses mingled in the process of weft of the options that digest to be considered and answered in ones mind. later on co nsidering all these realistic factors in the divers(a) options, it is sagacious to deal the one which is the least problematic.Step 3 marque a chip offping point after(prenominal) considering all factors that lead to respective(a) options, choose an option and snap it cautiously and then take a rational ratiocination. 3. 4. plight face by Media It is medias trading to show the truth to the domain, barely it too considered as a fiducial cum which processs in creating consciousness regarding the actual happenings in the world. The Media persons criminate set about the ethical dilemma of whether to diligently follow the duties of a diary keeper and uncover the real truth or be devoted to their friends. 3. 4. 1. type of mediaThe 2G spectrum scam, which has snowballed into a major disputation involving Indian politicians and businessmen, became hotter for journalists to share when it readdly gnarly ii of their higher-ranking members. Media sources such as on the get by(p) and scene report that two old journalists Barkha Dutt (group editor in foreland in chief of NDTV) and Vir Sanghvi (tower manager of Hindustan generation) k forward-looking that corporate lobbyist Nira Radia was influencing the ends of accommodation of telecom minister. Radia wanted A Raja to be do telecom minister. The two pickups make universal the telephony conversations among Nira Radia, Barkha Dutt & Vir Sanghvi.Radias phones were being tapped by the Income r tied(p)ue Department. Critics allege that Barkha Dutt and Vir Sanghvi k radical about radio link amongst judicature and the media perseverance but tranquillise they patronise this adulterate activity and hold in give-and-take report the stripping of the countermine practice. In November 2010, spread magazine carried a humbug which report transcripts of some of the telephone conversations of Nira Radia (a insurance-making lobbyist) with ripened journalists, politicians, and corporate houses, more of whom cause denied the allegations.The primaeval Bureau of investigating has inform that they go through 5,851 recordings of phone conversations by Radia, some of which depict Radias attempts to broke deals in coincidence to the 2G spectrum sale. The tapes place to demonstrate how Radia attempt to use some media persons to influence the decision to bill A. Raja as telecom minister. Vir Sanghvi, editorial conductor of Indian home(a) cursory Hindustan generation and Indias television set news channel NDTVs group editor Barkha Dutt are seemingly feature in the transcripts.They are perceive vivid to arrest things for Radia, who is cognise to be close to the de sticked minister A Raja, and her clients at any rate her political cronies. slice Sanghvi allegedly took notes from Radia on what he could point out in his hebdomadally sunshine mainstay of Hindustan Times even as Radia asked him to write against Reliance Groups anil Ambani and the high flirt decision on the waste pricing issue. Barkha Dutt had allegedly certain Radia of getting regnant intercourse companys ecumenical deposit Ghulam Nabi Azad to talk to the supremo of his fellowships chief ally in the organisation M.Karunanidhi to mountain portfolios for the ally according to wishes of Karunanidhis young lady Kanimozhi. one thing to be notice in this case was, ab initio the news gained extrusion next carry on coerce on social networking sites cheep and Facebook against an essay blackout score by some(prenominal) crowing Indian TV channel and composition. Initially, besides smattering of newspaper like Deccan presage and The Indian stockpile wrote about the tapes. several(prenominal) newspaper like HT Media, passel and NDTV told that the authenticity of these transcripts cannot be ascertained.Not signature Corporate Biggies direct media is designedly seek to set off a few name calling like those of Shahid Balwa, A Raja, Ka nimozhi, Sanjay Chandra, Karim Morani, and Vinod Goenka plot not touching corporate amplegies such as Tatas and Ambanis. It is sort of send away that in this 2G spectrum case, scarcely a few are conspired to be indicted in the case slice others are understandably kept out. sort of of providing worth(predicate) insights, the media is act to twist the judiciary.The media has bumted voiced scapegoats, revolving their stories roughly a selected few because even they know that it is elusive for them to target certain thumping names like the Tatas, Ambanis and Ruias. It is a well-known(a) fact that the discharge for 2G Spectrum case is going on, and zilch can be turn out felonious unless and until it is prove in court, but, without pickings it into account, our media has started blaming volume and spotlight a hardly few names without mentioning the rest of the suspects. 3. 4. 2. Ethical Theories Utilitarianism If we keep back utility theory on media then cost in privacy the facts was that quite a little exit not trust the media if they come to know that facts were hush-hush from them but the benefits were that they will not spoil their transaction with big politicians and corporate biggies. So benefits were more than the cost, as it is express that mankind man has very short storehouse and you can bang them. unless as drive started edifice from setback fellowship and still opposite political political party had their friends in the media, the names of big politicians came into picture.But then likewise media arrest its belt up on corporate biggies. 3. 4. 3. Recommendation for resolving the plight Laura Nashs model pursuit the 12 questions that Laura Nash has raised in her model would earn stop media from winning the first step. Some of the 12 questions that would know helped the impeach persons to clear their thought processes are * How would you define the problem, if you stood on the other side of the fence? * To whom and with what are your loyalties? What are your intensions in making this decision? * How does these intentions compare with the apt(predicate) results? * Whom could your actions suffer? 4. Recommendations for avoiding restoration of the Issue young scams are victimless in that the victims are not obvious. The victims of these wickednesss are the taxpayers and citizens of the province to whom this money and assets belong. The simply constant way for us to stop scams is to work on both bar and deterrence. 4. 1. pattern to avoid rejoinder of such a scam 1.Increase revelation fatalitys by the government on all contracts and concessions involving in the macrocosm eye(predicate) money or assets. 2. improve the forte of parliamentary reversion on government and executive by making parliamentary committees stronger as well as more diaphanous to the unrestricted. 3. It should be verifyd that the condemnable penal encrypt has amendments to deal with and alter quick savage prosecution of white learn crimes and scams. bench should be free-living and free of any distant(a) influence. It should be adequate of winning strong action against the corrupt politicians.While unrelenting penalisation is given to a deplorable small town officer when he takes a boon of Rs10, politicians who cheat the public and earn crores are many a time let free by the court of law. 4. thither is a requirement of assoil table service and changes in our criminal evaluator system that is still designed around tiny crime and criminals. at that place is a imply for new and stronger laws for relations with forward-looking pecuniary crimes of the day. whiz such example is removing the branch 311 that requires preceding promote from the government to go after its officers. 5.Media vie a very important role in forming an opinion among the citizens then in that location should be effective parliamentary perplexity of the government and such troubles be plain and accessible to media and citizens. 6. The government moldiness form outside legal and advisory help piece negotiating contracts and not rely provided on bureaucrats. There should be a creation of a new jail cell of mugwump regulators, plump for by parliamentary statutes that wield close of these sectors. 7. For example, bureaucrats moldiness be chosen as regulators only(prenominal) in exceeding cases of high star and capability.Such self-sufficient Regulators essential also puddle oversight on them to ensure that in that respect is no regulatory capture. 8. master that government form _or_ system of government is perpetually about the public and not about snobbish and personal interests. 9. principle must be initiated to range lobbyists and business chambers, to foreclose protagonism ever-changing to rotting and to treasure against policy capture quite of policy advocacy. 10. run across government policies are not always declamat ory palaver and generous of loopholes for exploitation. This will background administrative/political discretion. 1. some other way to stop rotting is to avoid the coalescence form of governance. A single party must be allowed to rule the acres one by one without want the funding of innumerable squirt parties. In the 2G spectrum case, the accused, A. Raja is a articulation of DMK which is supporting(a) the congress. In such a situation, an able and cost-efficient summit minister like Manmohan Singh could not take action but had to inadvertently support him as otherwise DMK would have pull away their support and thus follows an utter mob for the congress.Lastly and most significantly both media and the popular public must create cognizance that the government is a regent of public money and assets and the spate are the real owners. If trustees disclose the trust, people should not sleep, but must react. A invariable solution, thus, to such scams and subversi ve activity is alertness citizen and scrupulous media. 5. References 5. 1. WEBSITES * http//aishmghrana. wordpress. com/2012/09/01/conflict-of-interests-among-stakeholders-in-2g-allocations/ * http//www. icmrindia. org/casestudies/catalog/ phone line%20 morals/Indian%202G%20Spectrum%20ScamExce2. tm plenty%20Accountability * http//www. isidelhi. org. in/hrnews/HR_THEMATIC_ISSUES/ turpitude/Corruption-2011. pdf * http//www. scribd. com/ medical student/71816181/2g-scam-project * http//www. processexcellencenetwork. com/process-improvement-case-studies/columns/drucker-on-business-ethics/ * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controversy * http//www. slideshare. net/amyberi/2g-spectrum-scam-casestudy * http//realitycheck. wordpress. com/2010/12/03/wheres-our-story-media-on-2g-spectrum-scam-shyness-or-something-more/ 5. 2. BOOKS * agate line Ethics An Indian posture by A. C. Fernando