How did the 1970's oil crisis affect the US SAUDI relations ( in other Essay

How did the 1970's oil crisis affect the US SAUDI relations ( in other words what does the 1970's oil shock tell us about the U - Essay Example On her part, the United States was in need of quenching her thirst for oil which Saudi Arabian offered (Frum, 2000,76). However, the relationship between the two countries was not based on equality principles, making the United States refuse to honor some parts of the agreement. This was especially when the congress ordered the government to stop the supply of weapons for fear that they would be used to launch attacks on Israel. This act coupled by direct financial and weapon aid to Israel angered many oil producing countries. The resolution was to punish the United States through the oil embargo. This gave Saudi Arabia an opportunity to demonstrate its competitive advantage over the United States. Though the embargo would later be lifted after negotiations with King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, it brought changes in the way the two countries would relate in future. To the United States, there was need to review the way it related with other nations. The resumption of the relationship wit h Saudi Arabia was to be based on equality, respect and mutual benefits. The United States would also act as a mediator for peace in the Middle East instead of appearing to foster the aggression against Palestine by Israel. Great personalities such as Yamani, Ahmed Zaki and Ali Al-Naimi were imperative in shaping the relations between US and Saudi Arabia (Robinson, 1989, 87). History of the US-Saudi Arabia relationship and causes of the oil crisis The relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia is deeply rooted. Its history dates back just before the commencement of the Second World War (Ian, 2004, 87). With the realization that Saudi Arabia had a huge reserve for oil, the United States was willing to do everything possible to cement its relationship with this country. Saudi Arabia had a competitive edge that many countries in the Asian continent did not have due to its resources in oil. Its importance was demonstrated when President Franklin Roosevelt ordered protection of Saudi Arabia (Hammes, 2005, 98). While this could be described as an ulterior motive since the country wanted to benefit from oil, this act assisted in cementing the relationship between the two countries. In addition to that, the United States with its engineers began the construction of military bases, infrastructure and training the Saudi Arabian military. The agreement between the two countries included the supply of the latest weapons to the Saudis in order to protect themselves from the eminent threat of attack from aggressors such as Iraq. On the other hand, the United States would be allow to construct its military bases in Saudi Arabia, while at the same time buying oil which at the time would cost at less than $3 a barrel. This enabled the United States meet the high demand for oil. During the cold war, the relationship between the two countries became even more solid. There was a threat that the Soviet Union would attack Saudi Arabia due to their relations with the Un ited States (Hammes, 2005, 100). While the Soviet Union was spreading the communism ideologies, the United States promoted the capitalism. However, the United States demonstrated its support by defending this country against any threat. This was clear when Iraq had invaded Saudi Arabia, with an aim of destroying its relations with the west. At the time, the United States

Students With Disabilities Are Not Meeting the State Mandated Essay

Students With Disabilities Are Not Meeting the State Mandated Requirements. The Disability Achievement Gap - Essay Example States should ensure that the school systems have in place reasonable accommodation that addresses the needs of children with disabilities. Evidently, children with disabilities require support provided by the entire school system if they are to benefit from education. In addition, individualization of the support cannot be underestimated because it is required to ensure maximized learning. In the United States, the No Child left Behind Act of 2001 was passed in an effort to ensure that all children including those with disabilities have access to quality education. Each state and county  are  required to develop education policies that conform to the act. However, there is evidence that these efforts have not filled in the disability achievement gap. This paper will discuss how students with disabilities are still left behind in the education sector. The No Child left Behind Act of 2001 was developed to address barriers that had been identified that served to prevent children with disabilities from accessing education opportunities. Before the act was passed, many states did not have any specific policies regarding the education of children with disabilities (Colker, 2013). Although some states had some policies, they proved to be outdated and ineffective to address the existing barriers of educating children with disabilities. Many of the school systems did not provide any support services for children with disabilities. There was a social stigma associated with disability, which affected the learning process for children with disabilities. Since disability and poverty are interlinked, many children with disabilities, and from poor backgrounds were the worst affected by the barriers to education. Notably, school budgets did not allow the schools to invest in facilities that could offer children with disabilities the relevant su pport in the education system (Shriner & Ganguly, 2007). Worst still,

Exxon Mobile's Strategy Analysis Research Paper

Exxon Mobile's Strategy Analysis - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the chemicals segment handles manufacturing and sales of petrochemicals. The success and outstanding performance of Exxon Mobil Corporation emerge from several strategies implemented by its management executives. Just to name a few, the Corporation has a strategic management system that provides an elaborate framework for maintaining high standards and performance. This particular analysis paper looks deep into the strategies that Exxon Mobil implements to support its success. Exxon Mobil Corporation is guided by a corporate strategy that guides operation and enhances efficiency in its system. The organization strategy is reliant on the ability to innovate and develop in the new emerging markets by providing new products that suit the changing consumer needs. Ideally, it concentrates on their strong market positioning strategy to exhaust their market segments and fill the niches that can be identified by their competitors. The success arising out of this strategy is dependent on the broad portfolio. Exxon Mobile Corporation has a stronger business portfolio that emphasizes on the long-term profitability of the organization regardless of the volatile nature of the product prices in the industry. Additionally, the corporation relies on diversity strategy in production and sale of its products. Its global diversity principle act as a foundation for the long-term career oriented model to employment. Ideally, skills and expertise of the employees is quite critical to any organization. Competent employees usually work harder to boost the productivity of the organization. Exxon’s approach to employment is not only a relevant model but also a productive model to the general performance of the organization. The method fulfills the desired dreams of the organization through attracting, developing and retaining premier workforce diversity. It arguably fosters a productive work environment and culture where every

Qualitative research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Qualitative research - Coursework Example Basically, it enables people to comprehend social structures and how certain complexities can be overcome. Another paradigm applied in interpretivism is assumptions; the concept of assumptions in interpretivism entails a scenario where issues have to be examined holistically to facilitate individuals to understand their structures and functionality (Walsham, 1993). There is also the paradigm of positivism, which is basically a scientific approach. Positivism entails utilization of mathematical data as a means to gain greater insights of social dynamics. The corpus of solipsism entails a scenario whereby one believes in the existence of his own mind as the valid and reliable source of information (Teensma, 1974). Philosophers have also argued that it is a theory that believes in one’s own existence. Heshusius, L., & Ballard, K. (1996). From positivism to interpretivism and beyond: tales of transformation in educational and social research (the mind-body connection). New York: Teachers College

Edition Tata motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edition Tata motors - Essay Example It talks about its operational activities across the globe. Koontz, H. & Weihrich, H. 2006. Essentials Of Management. McGraw Hill- Some information regarding Daewoo Motors have been extracted from this book. The subtitle of the article is ‘International Case : Restructuring at Korea’s Daewoo. This is relevant as the essay talks about Tata Motor’s acquisition of Daewoo Motors. Onkvisit, S. & Shaw, J. J. 2004. International marketing: analysis and strategy (4th ed). London, UK: Routledge – This book talks about the international strategy adopted by several renowned organisations. Certain information such as export statistics are important to understand the strategy of Tata Motors to acquire Daewoo Motors. Sauvant, K. P. 2008. The rise of transnational corporations from emerging markets: Threat or opportunity? UK: Edward Elgar – This book talks about the globalisation and international economic transactions across borders. On page no 25 and 30, the auth or has talked about the strategy and turning point of the acquirer, Tata Motors. Philip, C. 2010. Small Wonder: The Authorised Story Of The Making Of The Nano. Bangalore, India: Westland – This book is all about Tata Motors reinforcing in Indian market with its ‘Nano’. This has also talked about the benefits of acquiring Daewoo Motors like entering into developed markets. Jeannet, J. & Hennessey, H. D. 2005. Global Marketing Strategies (6th ed). USA: Houghton Mifflin – This book also talks about the marketing strategies of global companies. On page no 587, the author has talked about the positive consequences of Tata Motor’s acquisition of Daewoo Motors. Khanna, T., Palpeu, G., K. & Bullock, J. R. June, 2009. House of Tata: Acquiring a Global Footprint. [Pdf]. Available at: http://docs.orijing.com/college/2010/ugba115/Reading/HouseofTataAcquiringaGlobalFootprint.pdf [Accessed on March 05, 2011] – This is also relevant site which talks about T ata Motors. On page no. 11, the author has discussed the tactical point of view of Tata Motors to acquire Daewoo. Even on page no 194, the author has talked about how this acquisition helped Tata Motors to capture a larger market share. Aswathappa. 2008. International Business. McGraw Hill – This book also talks about the international business of consolidation processes. On page 200, the author has talked about the strategies adopted by Tata Motors to optimally use its resources in the post acquisition period. Banerjee, B. 2010. Financial policy and management accounting (8th ed). New Delhi, India: PHI Publishing - This book talks about managerial policies in different companies and the theories. On page no. 175, the author has discussed how the deal has brought in green technology for Tata Motors. Bilham-Boult, A. 2001. People, places and themes (2nd ed). Oxford, UK: Heinemann – This book is on strategic management considering people, places and themes. On page no. 1 55, the author has discussed how the marketing and resource development of Daewoo has benefited the Tata Motors. Kadle, P.,P. June, 2007. Challenges in Mergers and Acquisitions -Tata Motors Case Study. [Pdf]. Available at: http://www.dnb.co.in/FESConfTool/Uploads%5CPresentations%5C85%5CMr.P.P.Kadle.pdf [Accessed on March 05, 2011] – This article talks about the challenges in the consolidation processes considering the case study of Tata Motors. On page no. 11, the author has talked about the increase in the market share due to the deal with Daewoo.

Rori Rayes Advice Essay Example for Free

Rori Rayes Advice Essay At least not the way youd like it to smooth and easy, loving, exciting, fun, sexy? Maybe it would start out great, he might start out like Prince Charming, but then it all fades away and youre left with a guy whos only half-there? He forgets to call, forgets to show up on time, forgets your birthday? He forgets to make the reservation, forgets the directions, and asks you to pay for dinner? He only seems to want sex, and even then, he seems to have better things to do? AFFECTION and ATTENTION are things of the past? It feels awful when even one of these things happens. But when they all seem to happen at once, its TERRIFYING. I Know Just How This Feels I remember feeling as though the bottom had dropped out of everything. As though I must have been in a dream, and then suddenly found myself awake in the middle of a nightmare. Love Doesnt Have To Be Such Hard Work If you find yourself in the same kind of relationships with the same kind of difficult or emotionally unavailable man, over and over Relationships that dont work out, or are on-again, off-again with no real progress or closure Then theres a way you can turn all that around. I have a program that will teach you all about the reasons WHY you are attracting a certain type of man to you in your life, but also HOW you can make the relationship with this kind of man actually WORK. Heres where you can read all about it and see how you can transform your difficult relationship into a loving one permanently: Feel Safe With Him The thing that I had to learn to stop beating myself up about was that the nightmare kept happening over and over again. It was so PREDICTABLE. Id get with a man and go from dream to nightmare in nothing flat. Sometimes it took a week, sometimes two, sometimes a year. I felt absolutely helpless over my own romantic destiny. When I finally figured out that the same nightmare results were coming not from my luck or my looks, but from the same MISTAKES I was making over and over things started to change. I stepped back just enough to SEE things a bit more clearly. And I started to identify EXACTLY what my mistakes were. And then and it seemed like an overnight transformation I was finally able to take some control over what was happening to me. I almost instantly got totally different results: Instead of finding myself in the middle of a nightmare where I felt hurt most of the time, I found myself having fun I discovered I had CHOICES where I used to think the choice was all the mans I discovered I had some POWER over myself and my life that I didnt know I had I felt better

Analyzing The Class System In Twelfth Night Duchess Of Malfi English Literature Essay

Analyzing The Class System In Twelfth Night Duchess Of Malfi English Literature Essay The feast of Twelfth Night where the play takes its name, was celebrated in a time when social hierarchies were turned upside down. That same spirit is alive in Illyria, and Shakespeare has created situations that create a comedic yet farcical tone to the play. I am going to compare and contrast the ways in which hierarchy class are used as plot devices, a means create comedic circumstance and for mistaken identity. Hierarchy is series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system, and in the case of twelfth night the constrains of time have to be taken into consideration, as the views of contemporary audiences would give the play a new interpretation and a loss of satire or comedic value. Feste as a means of a narrative feature if fairly incohesive in his role along the side of characters such as Sir Toby whose actions dictate the plays outcome (his manipulation of Sebastian) rather we know of his intellect although his career does not suggest that he is intelligent one who professionally Counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, Clown or one who has little or no reason or intellect although we see Feste as a sharp and witty jester Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. And because of his class no love like Maria is shown for minor roles (although in some adaptations all characters are connected for an orthodox happy ending) O mistress mine, where are you roaming? O, stay and hear; your true loves coming. .he is intelligent one who professionally Counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, Clown or one who has little or no reason or intellect although we see Feste as a sharp and witty jester Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. And because of his class no love like Maria is shown for minor roles (although in some adaptations all characters are connected for an orthodox happy ending) O mistress mine, where are you roaming? O, stay and hear; your true loves coming. The almost farcical relationship between Sebastian and Antonio is created by Shakespeare for a hinted comedic effect or just for structure If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. Antonios language can be seen as simply the expression of a purely platonic passion. However, Antonios words can also be seen as carrying an obvious homoerotic charge. It seems safe to say here that if Antonio were a woman, we would read her speech and actions as an unambiguous expression of her love for Sebastian and hope that he would return this love. In a play so concerned with bending gender roles-a play in which Orsino can seem to be attracted to Viola Malovolio portrays a classic image of a Puritan. As Olivias servant, he dreams of power and his status within the inner ring, and wants nothing else than to marry his mistress. This would have seemed absurd and impossible as there are societal normalitys that would prevent such an unfortunate marriage. Although social mobility was beginning to take place, there was still a division among the classes. It would have been quite out of place for a woman of Olivias status to marry one so far beneath her. Although for Malovolio, the situation of how it would be between him and Olivias uncle, Sir Toby Belch, if he had gained the hand of his mistress, he said, I extend my hand to him thus, quenching my familiar smile with an austere regard of control You must amend your drunkenness Malovolios presence in this scene adds a new uncertainty to the play and we start to loose the empathy we once had for the idiotic Malovolio rather we see his pretentious pompous way of displaying his false hope and misguided love. We can see why Maria doesnt feel cathartic about the plot and its unfitting end. The manor in which Malovolio speaks shows that he truly believes he deserves to be above his class and talks almost condescending to Sir Toby whose reaction shows his disapproval. Malovolios desire to rise above his class sets a course for his own demise though the relationship with Olivia; this shows the audience that Sir Toby and the others find his delusions to preposterous. Malovolio is an unsuitable match for Olivia not only of his unappealing personality but also because he is not of noble blood. He is within his class a lower class citizen and to Sir Toby a commoner, while Olivia is a woman of noble blood with money and a high social status. The Duchess (within the duchess of malfi) is an independent and defiant woman who has a strong personality and I think was urged on to remarry by her brothers threats and warnings not to remarry down her social status. I believe that she wanted to defy her brothers, she wanted to rebel, because thats in her nature. Websters primary source for his story (mostly true to history), William Painters  Palace of Pleasure(1567), shows less sympathy for the Duchess, taking a strict, moralistic tone, condemning her for being too lustful and for breaking the accepted rules of her social status Hypocrisy is woven of a fine small thread, Subtler than Vulcans engine: yet, believet,Your darkest actions: nay, your privatst thoughts,Will come to light. . Webster created, in the Duchess what Shakespeare never did, a tragic female protagonist (Juliet doesnt act on her own, Cleopatra shares the world stage with Antony) who represents a challenge to social hierarchy and  natural  order, violas situation was resolved also. As a woman she refuses to be subservient to men: she ignores her brothers commands not to marry, and she takes the initiative to woo Antonio. A rich widow presented a special threat to male-dominated families, as she was now free to marry of her own choosing for love, and to give the family wealth to another man. The problem in a rigid society. Her crime is choosing a husband not from the ruling class but from the upwardly mobile middle class (using the term very slackly). The ruling class, in the shape of Duke Ferdinand and the Cardinal, resist the idea of a woman making a free choice, especially when that choice transgresses class strata. It is necessary for her to be eliminated in order to maintain the status quo . In the case of the Duke an obsession with blood, breeding and pedigree tips over into murkily incestuous desire, a rage to control his sisters sexuality and eventual madness. Jane Eyre  is critical in the exploration of neo-Victorian Englands social hierarchy. Brontes exploration of the complicated social position of governesses is perhaps the novels most important treatment of this theme. Like Heathcliff inWuthering Heights,  Jane is a figure of ambiguous class standing and, consequently, a source of extreme tension for the characters around her. Paradoxically for Malvolio his treatment creates a comedic effect of his outcome due to his class and personality and similarly to Sebastians effect of the propulsion of the play and festes catalytical effect to the narrative, In her novel  Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « explores the possibility that class relationships have no absolute boundaries that cannot be crossed. Her protagonist Jane is placed in between economic classes and drifts among the lower, middle, and upper classes of Victorian England. Janes flexible class status allows her to evaluate other characters on their actions and personalities r ather than on their economic status and physical appearance. She forms deep relationships with members of the other classes and holds animosity towards individuals that others might respect based on their achievements in life but who did not act appropriately to Jane. Other characters in the novel judge Jane in much the same way as she judges them; they note her class status and physical appearance at first but then learn to appreciate her for her behaviour and thoughts. Brontà « ends the novel on a dramatic turn of events that completely flip Janes class status. Yet, Jane still remains the same character that we have seen throughout the entire novel. Charlotte Brontà « uses Jane Eyre as an example that class boundaries are not finite and that individuals can transcend them. Jane tends not to evaluate other people based on their class status. Instead, she evaluates peoples superiority or inferiority based on their behavior and forms either deep friendship or animosity based on it. During her childhood at Gateshead, Jane is more emotionally attached to the servant Bessie than to any of her wealthy family members. She bases her adoration on Bessies personal characteristics rather than her economic status. Fraiman tells us that during Christmastime, instead of yearning toward the genteel company, [Jane] would rather spend a quiet evening with Bessie (617) because of the motherly characteristics that Bessie displays towards Jane. Jane longs for the affection of a motherly woman rather than the glamorous company of her rich family. Janes characters disposition manifests, sophistication, education and higher status this would have been expected of an aristocrat, because Victorian governesses, who tutored children in etiquette as well as academics, were expected to possess the culture of the aristocracy. Yet, as paid employees, they were more or less treated as servants; thus, Jane remains penniless and powerless while at Thornfield. Janes understanding of the double standard crystallizes when she becomes aware of her feelings for Rochester; she is his intellectual, but not his social, equal. Even before the crisis surrounding Bertha Mason, Jane is hesitant to marry Rochester because she senses that she would feel indebted to him for condescending to marry her. Janes distress. This situation corresponds to that of Malvolio Jane herself speaks out against class prejudice at certain moments in the book. For example, in Chapter  23  she chastises Rochester: Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!-I have as much soul as you-and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. However, it is also important to note that nowhere in  Jane Eyre  are societys boundaries bent. Ultimately, Jane is only able to marry Rochester as his equal because she has almost magically come into her own inheritance from her uncle. Bronte distils a perfect argument of love and its aforementioned dependency on class distinctions; she has used her characters in a way that there is her own symbolic meaning behind the novel. Brontes has created a direct contrast with the two other texts I am studying, within twelfth night Shakespeares use of class as a means for separation and forbidden love have been used for comedic effect, not to question or contrive against any social limitations, the duchesses situation was not to question but create dramatic effect using class as a division and boundary. Paradoxically to viola and the duchess janes class indifference and ambiguous history created a journey of self discovery and because of her unknown class, a way of finding true uncontrived love was found. The idea of social distinctions setting apart relationships now is considered archaic because of its absurdity and because of the transition within tolerance and rationality, it matters little about wealth and social hierar chy Love in Jane Eyre is a predominant theme and is projected and differed through the hindrance of the class system and its effect on love. I find a similarity within Janes character to Shakespeares viola because of their social difficulties leading to a positive conclusion in both cases. Whereas violas characters social misconception is used primarily for comedic and satiric effect Janes in used as a reflection of the constrains of the written content at the time and like a Christmas carol it has been written to inform and to create a fictional account of how class hindrance can cause suffering and a struggle to achieve and apprehend whats achievable. Brontes used of a first person narrative also gives the novel connotations of factual accounts and gives the whole novel a theme of realism and not directly implied intolerance. The duchess similarly to Janes character is portrayed trough a struggle, also in the duchess of malfi is through love though the class divide. Because of the time constrains within this novel, a different connotation was meant in the meaning of the theme of love though hierarchy. Websters use of class was distinctively a means of a plot device similarly although slightly contrived to twelfth night whereas the plot seems so farcical to his contemporary audience and shocking in the case of the duchess of malfi. Jane Eyre, The duchess of malfi twelfth night all share the confidence that all the characters whose social class is effect when looking fro love are all female. This is partly due to some of the constrains within the novels such as Jane Eyre where a womans ability to choose a partner was dictated their parents and this meant that a class hindrance (neglect from Mrs. Reed and her children I am glad you are no relation of mine. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to visit you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick. Jane asserts her fiery spirit in her tirade, and she displays a keen sense of justice and a recognition of her need for love) made it harder than males to meet agreeable men. Whereas the duchess is of noble blood similarly to the situation of viola in that we know of her situation and the other characters are unaware of her noble blood and she fal ls in love below her class when in disguise as a man and a lower class than she is actually situated. the duchess is in love with a man from below her own class and because of the aforementioned time constrains this relation was seen as inappropriate and would have been contested by her family because of the effect on their families reputation and her future marital prospects.