Thursday, August 27, 2020

Where are you going, where have you been joyce carol oates Research Paper

Where are you going, where have you been joyce ditty oates - Research Paper Example The story is impression of the threats looked by individuals during the Civil Rights development during the mid 1960s. During this period, individuals began testing the good and social shows after the World War II. This was a period of Civil Right Movement and mainstream societies. A portion of the rates that demonstrated the risks of defiance incorporates JFK executing. Much the same as Connie in the story, JFK kicked the bucket for being defiant during a similar time wherein Oates kept in touch with her story. Lyndon and Kennedy were both the leaders of the United States who battled for Civil rights. Kennedy bolstered the battle against racial isolation and upheld social liberties. In any case, he later separated himself from the developments in light of the fact that numerous Southern Whites were troubled. He figured it is hard to pass social equality laws with the solid restriction from the whites. Battling for common right prompted his executing in the year 1963. Lyndon additionally battled by marking the common right bill which denied separation on racial grounds (Gaines 3). Oates was likewise enlivened to keep in touch with her book during the hour of Martin Luther and Malcolm X. The two chiefs showed the perils of disobedience during the time of urban right developments. Malcolm was disobedience since he utilized brutality when battling for opportunity and privileges of his supporters. He upheld common right in a vicious manner. This prompted his death in the year 1965. His character is reflected in Connie in the story. It was significant for Connie to get her opportunity. Be that as it may, she procured it in an incorrect way. Martin Luther likewise bolstered social liberties. Be that as it may, he didn't trust in viciousness. He battled for opportunity in agreeable and latent manner. Be that as it may, he was as yet restricted the current laws. He defy bigot and absence of opportunity in a verbal manner. His battle for common right prompted his death during a similar time Oates thought of her book (Gaines 2). Furthermore, Oates was inspired to compose his

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Employee Retention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Representative Retention - Essay Example ty of an organization to lure their work power to keep up faithfulness and show better execution conveyance all together than fulfill the organization’s demographic. A trade off on the last might be likened to expanded staff turnover and diminished worker maintenance which can, consequently, repeal the organization’s administrations and client care (Mohr et al., 2008). A few examinations and explores have intended to investigate the advertising effects, causes and monetary angles that administer representative maintenance so as to cause a precise forecast and by and large equation to assist associations with maximizing their HR capital, limit the negative criticism from the shoppers of their merchandise or benefits and consistently improve the nature of administration that an organization offers. In any case, notwithstanding these endeavors, there might be no general approach that can precisely anticipate representative turnover. As a rule, it is influenced by the individual attributes, nature and condition interesting to a specific field of work and the work condition it is dependent upon. In any case, these looks into have filled in as a reason for planning creating programs that can help any HR gathering to think of an appropriate arrangement to accommodate their assorted targets and in the end execute a spearheading HR program that benefits lab orers without imperiling earnings (Etchings, 2005). This paper means to combine the ongoing consequences of these investigations and, inevitably, think of a general subject that can evaluate representative maintenance in work places. One of the significant worries of an organization that evokes these sorts of inquires about on work maintenance and turnover is the parity in the consumptions brought about while keeping up new and old staff. The explanation being that low worker maintenance brings about expanded expenses to the organization because of the expanding expenses of division pay, work declarations, staff rehiring and representative preparing and updating. Assessed values show that these expenses might be in the range $3000 to

Friday, August 21, 2020

How To Choose The Best Paper Writing Service

How To Choose The Best Paper Writing ServiceSo you have decided to book a writing service, but you still have a number of questions. You may be wondering what type of information they provide and how the fee works, so read on to find out more.As most of us know, hiring a paper writing service is something that is not necessarily cheap. This is because the majority of these companies are not that big and they could end up costing you an arm and a leg. That's why you want to make sure that you get a good company. Read on to find out what to look for in order to ensure that you make the right decision.You should always look into how long the writing service has been in business. This means that you don't have to worry about looking at your phone bill every week to see how much the charges have gone up. The longer that the company has been around, the more likely you are to find someone who can provide you with quality work.Next, you should consider how easy it is to book the service. Be cause we all have busy lives and busy schedules, it is very easy to forget about the times when you need someone. Make sure that the company has a booking system that makes it easy to book and manage your projects.Of course, you also want to consider the type of service that they offer. You want to make sure that you hire a company that is not only efficient but will be willing to provide you with a variety of services. In many cases, a company will only want to provide one type of project. Find one that is flexible enough to handle all types of writing and this can help keep the cost down.In some cases, you may even find that they offer a large amount of work at a lower price. They want to keep their business open so they charge less, but they do it for a reason. This is why it is important to take the time to check out the quality of their work and how cheap it really is. The price should not be the only factor that you consider, but this should certainly play a part in deciding i f you want to hire them.The final thing that you want to consider is the reputation of the company. Make sure that they have a good reputation and that they have been around for some time. You don't want to hire a company that is new or old, because this may mean that they are not going to be reliable means that you will be satisfied with the work that they provide.These are just a few of the important things that you want to consider when you are looking for a paper writing service. If you take the time to carefully consider what you need, you can find a great service at a reasonable price. Take the time to talk to other clients to see what the best experience was and you will find that you can choose your service based on what works best for you.

Monday, May 25, 2020

prayer - 1249 Words

European Union Law - Module Code: LL5188 Summative assessment - Coursework As indicated in your handbook, you will need to complete, as part of the summative assessments designed for this module, an INDIVIDUAL piece of coursework that will count for 40% of the marks available for the summative assessment component of the Module (the other 60% will come from the written examination in April/May 2014). This coursework should be submitted no later than 9 am. Monday 3rd February 2014. Submission should be made ELECTRONICALLY ONLY to the Turn-it in box, available on StudySpace (in the folder ‘assignments’). Below are the instructions for the completion and submission of the coursework as well as for receiving feedback. These are†¦show more content†¦PLEASE ENSURE THAT YOU READ YOUR FEEDBACK CAREFULLY, NOT JUST YOUR MARK. FEEDBACK IS DESIGNED TO HELP YOU WITH FUTURE WORK, INCLUDING ON OTHER MODULES. Remember to use your feedback-feed-forward form (available on Studyspace). If you are unsure about how to make the most of your feedback on a particular assignment, ask to see your seminar tutor or the module leader. If you are still unsure, or feel you are not making improvements across a range of modules, discuss this with your personal tutor. You upload to Turnitin via the following process: Go to your assignment link in the module. Click on the required assignment. Browse for your file, choose your file and click ‘upload’. The system will show you part of your assignment in simple text format so that you can check you have uploaded the correct one. Click ‘submit’ (then wait a few moments). You will then receive a digital receipt, and a receipt will also be emailed to your Kingston email. Please keep a copy of this receipt. You receive your feedback via the following process: Go back to your assignment link in the module, click on the assignment. Click on , ‘view’ (which should be bright blue) and then ‘grademark’ (full details with ‘screen snapshots’ is given below). Students: Accessing Turnitin GradeMark Feedback GradeMark is a tool provided by Turnitin that allows staff to mark and annotate coursework online.Show MoreRelatedPrayer On The Prayer Of Prayer757 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Prayer Despite prayer being so important, it is a sad fact that many Muslims do not pray or fulfil the conditions of prayer. Its purpose is to strengthen our relationship with Allah, by expressing our gratitude for his blessings, and to pray for his mercy, help, and love. Just as the body requires physical needs such as food and water, the soul has spiritual needs of prayer. The Holy Prophet said, â€Å"The comparison of one who remembers Allah and one who does not, is like that ofRead MorePrayer Reflection On The Prayer1057 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer is an openness to God. It is a means of being in a continual relationship with God. This prayer reflection report was based on praying earnestly for seven leaders who seemed in need of God’s leading in their roles. The seven leaders chosen were from the following backgrounds: pastors, departmental heads and school administrators. These leaders seem to lack Divine wisdom, vision, empathy and humility. The only solution to see a transformation in leadership is to pray fervently for leadersRead MorePrayer And Prayer On Healing883 Words   |  4 PagesPrayer healing According to Bower, many Americans believes in intercessory prayer, however the effect of it is based on the patient believe which has been proof by anthropological studies. The author explain by using some studies on prayer on healing believe in some societies in some countries. According to the author a study conducted in Cuna community in Panama and Malay village in Malaysia have a particular believe in prayer healing as a means of a song sing by Mun, or recite a story by BomohRead MorePrayer Of Your Servant And His Prayer Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pagesregard the prayer of Your servant and his supplication, O Lord my God, and listen to the cry and the prayer which Your servant is praying before You: that your eyes may be open toward this temple day and night, toward the place where You said You would put Your name, that You may hear the prayer which Your servant makes toward this place. And may You hear the supplication of Your servant and of Your people Israel, when they pray toward this place. Hear from heaven Your dwelling place, and when youRead MoreEssay on Prayer931 Words   |  4 Pagesdon’t pray in secret he won’t answer your prayers. This is wrong because in Deuteronomy 4:7 the bible says â€Å"The Lord our God comes near when we pray to him.† If God is always listening to us when we pray then it doesn’t matter whether the people praying are in secret or in public, he is always listening. Sometimes God doesn’t answer people’s prayers, but it’s not because that person played in public or not for God to give the effort to answer your prayers you have to go through the effort yourselfRead MoreThe Reflection Of The Prayer1054 Words   |  5 PagesEvery night before I fall asleep I say the Serenity Prayer. The prayer is one of my most treasured comforts and makes me feel like I have a clean slate very 24 hours. It allows me to exhale the toxic worries I have acquired throughout the day and leaves me refreshed and lighter. The prayer comes naturally to me: addressing God, asking for inner peace, and moving on to tell Him about my day until suddenly I am deeply, happily asleep. There is only one issue: I do not believe in God. From a youngRead MorePrayer1576 Words   |  7 PagesDoes prayer heal? Prayer  is an  invocation  or act that seeks to activate a  rapport  with a  deity, an object of worship, or a spiritual entity through deliberate communication. Prayer can be a form of religious practice, may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private. It may involve the use of words or song. When  language  is used, prayer may take the form of a  hymn,  incantation, formal  creed, or a spontaneous utterance in the praying person. There are different formsRead MoreThe Different Types Of Prayer1614 Words   |  7 PagesEDUCATION: RESEARCH ESSAY QUESTION 5: EXAMINE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PRAYER FOUND IN CHRISTIANITY. EVALUATE HOW THESE PRAYERS BUILD UP THE COMMUNITY OF THE CHURCH, AND HELP STRENGTHEN A PERSON IN HIS OR HER SPIRITUALITY. Most Christians aren t aware that there are several types of prayer discussed in God s Word, these different types of prayer were created so they could be used in different situations, therefore in some cases a specific prayer type won t work. You would be applying the wrong spiritualRead MorePrayer Warriors in the Bible733 Words   |  3 PagesPRAYER WARRIORS IN THE BIBLE BY Pr. David Munyere Who were the prayer warriors in the Bible? Prayer warriors are people who are known for regularly interceding on behalf of others before God. To intercede means to come between, so prayer warriors are, in effect, coming between God and the trouble in another persons life. Prayer warriors are like advocates appealing to the Higher Court on behalf of their defendants. Were all guilty before God, but God is merciful. Prayer warriors recognizeRead MorePrayer On The Life Of A Minister1267 Words   |  6 Pagessubstitute for prayer in the life of a minister. It is something that has to be an intentional part of every day, but this is not always an easy task. Even Jesus had to work to incorporate prayer into his daily routine rising early and going away from the others to spend time with God (Mark 1:35-37). If a minister is not careful, finding time to pray can feel like a burden, yet, it is one of the most precious privileges that was bought for mankind through the blood of Jesus Christ. Prayer for a minister

Friday, May 15, 2020

Nothing Can Be Perceived and One Should Not Assent to...

1. There are two statement made by academicians which we decided to argue against to the best of your ability: (a) nothing can be perceived; (b) one should not assent to anything. Please critically assess the academicians’ assertion to the effect that nothing can be perceived and one should not assent to anything. ïÆ' ¨ Before answering the essay question, I would like to introduce Augustine and the new academy† academicians† (Plato’s successors). Augustine is a philosopher and theologian that was born in 13 November 354 and his first language is Latin. He was famous with writings that influenced a lot of people and helped in developing the western Christianity and philosophy. However, in the east his teaching was not accepted at all. In addition, at age of 11, he started his educational path at madaurus and at the age of 17, he continued his education in a Carthage where he started his education in rhetoric. Furthermore, He was well recognized as Saint Augustine and was viewed as the father of western church. Augustin most recognizable work and still read and appreciated till now are city of god and confession. Augustine first vision into nature happened when he and his friends stole some fruits from the neighbor’s garden. Finally, He died in 28 August 430, so he li ved seventy five years old. Moving to some of the new academy history, Plato originated the academy in 387 BC in Athens and one of its unique students is Aristotle. Aristotle stayed and studied for about twentyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Vaccinations On Our Health1528 Words   |  7 Pagesever do anything to harm your child? Would you unknowingly insert a harmful substance onto a child’s body due to your inadequate education? Many, if not all, would answer no to the previous questions, why? Because us, as humans, would never want to put those close to us in any sort of harm. Whether it may have short-term effects or long-term, nothing is worth sacrificing ones, and others state of health. Whether it may have short-term effects or long-term, nothing is worth sacrificing ones, and othersRead MoreDescartess Doubt Method Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesKemerling). Descartes believed that science should be rested on solid foundations. But, these foundations should come from the mind and not from our senses, since we can be deceived by our senses. â€Å"Above all I enjoyed mathematics, because of the certainty and self evidence of its reasonings, but I did not yet see its true use and, thinking that it was only useful only for the mechanical arts, I was astonished that on such firm and solid foundations nothing more exalted had been built, while on theRead More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 Pagesand why Descartes builds his epistemological system up from his foundations in the way that he does, it is helpful to gain an understanding of the intellectual background of the 17th century that provided the motivation for his work. We can discern three distinct influences on Descartes, three conflicting world-views that fought for prominence in his day. The first was what remained of the mediaeval scholastic philosophy, largely based on Aristotelian science and Christian theologyRead MoreDifferences Between Rationalism And Empiricism1890 Words   |  8 Pagesthat slate.† (Bernard 2006. 4) Controversially, Audi also asserts, that â€Å"even empiricists can recognise that analytic propositions, mainly formulated in purely logical truths, such as, if all whales are mammals and no fish are mammals, then no whales are fish, are examples of innate knowledge.† (Audi 2011, Chapter 4) This assumption that empiricists concede logical truths to be innate is manifestly bold, and one that will be discussed at length when evaluating the plausibility of innate ideas. Yet beforeRead MoreEssay on Arguments Against Skepticism4197 Words   |  17 PagesIf I tried to simply tell a skeptic, That rock will fall from the cliff because of gravity, he wont believe me because he will simply say, Not necessarily. In fact, this can be the skeptics answer to just about any attempt to refute his position. It has long been pointed out by opponents of skepticism that such an attitude cannot be taken to its extreme conclusion in the real world in which we operate- even skeptics must live their lives according to rules they must rely upon not to failRead More The Free Will in Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes3767 Words   |  16 Pagesconsciousness and the sum res cogitans, rarely does one find exclusive attention devoted to the paramount importance of the free will in Descartes’ overall project. This essay investigates the theory of the free will as expressed in the Fourth Meditation and analyzes Descartes’ contention that we are â€Å"infinitely† free and ultimately responsible for the choices we make. In arguing that the use of the free will is essential in determining the veracity of all ideas one comes upon, clear and distinct or otherwiseRead MoreThe Human Rights Act Of The Uk4192 Words   |  17 Pagesratified by the government appears to signify a clear erosion of our privacy and an executive desire for omniscience. On GCHQ’s website, they describe themselves as â€Å"a foreign-focused intelligence agency, with a signals intelligence role† . This role can be exercised for the purposes of â€Å"national security†¦ economic well-being of the UK [and] in support of the prevention or detection of serious crime.† These noble intentions provide an insight into why the government believes prying is a necessity andRead MoreThe Princip les Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesagainst this view: knowledge is based on untheorized ideas and experiences and building science on this basis, but these factors rarely bring about certainty, but high probabilities are brought about by experimentation and experience and therefore can be relied on to be true, or very likely to be true. Empiricists believe in anti-innate ideas and reject Platonic and rationalist claims that the mind has knowledge from sources other than experience. Knowledge, according to empiricism, is based on perceptionRead MoreMy Philosophy of Balance Essay2545 Words   |  11 Pagessalvation, but because of the way this will influence all other beliefs. A belief in God will act like a polarizing factor in someones life, affecting the way that they think and reason about almost anything. If a person does not believe in God, this too will cause great change in the way that life is perceived. The change that this belief brings to a person is best illustrated by Immanuel Kants proposition that certain conditions change our ability to perceive things. Kants postulation is describedRead MoreTypes of Contract8450 Words   |  34 Pages1. Voidable Contract: An agreement which is enforceable by law at the option of one or more of the parties thereto, but not at the option of the other or others, is a voidable contract. A contract is voidable when one of the parties to the contract has not exercised his free consent. One of the essential elements of a formation of a contract for example, free consent, is absent. All voidable contracts are those which are induced by coercion fraud or misrepresentation. The person whose consent is

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Spanish American War - 965 Words

The Spanish-American War was the event that placed the United States of America on the world stage. It showed the world the United States militaries might and strength and proved that the United States could back up their beloved Monroe Doctrine. It placed America as an Imperialistic Nation, which was one idea looked down upon by so many of its citizens. This war and its effect on the world had its pros and cons, but one thing is unarguably for certain, this event changed the way America has been viewed by the world. The ultimate cause of the war was the blowing up of the USS Maine and the United States of America became an Imperialistic Nation when it annexed the Hawaiian Islands and Philippines. The first nudge to war with Spain was the Cubans revolt against its Spanish oppressor. The Americans sided with the underdog group of rebel patriots fighting for the independence of Cuba. They sided with the Cubans do to the similarities of their rebellion and the American Revolution. To a nger the public and lean them ever closer to war was the brutal tactics of the Spanish General Butcher Weyler. He herded Cuban civilians in concentration camps like cattle. These camps were dirty and nasty and was arguably a miniature Holocaust. These events drew the United States of America closer to war. Equally important to cause of the Spanish-American War was the Business interests of the United States of America. The United States had an investment of over 50 million US Dollars and anShow MoreRelatedSpanish American War1254 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish American War Essay Clara Barton: Her Opinion on the Spanish American War Clara Barton October 1st, 1901 Glen Elcho, Maryland Dear Teddy Roosevelt, I would like to congratulate and acknowledge you for you becoming President of the United States of America. You proved your worthiness and dedication when you made life-risking decisions on the battlefield for the Spanish American War. You volunteered as part of the cavalry and broughtRead MoreThe Spanish American War Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spanish American War, also known as â€Å"The Splendid Little War,† was a short-lived conflict between the United States and Spain in 1898. This war was a pretext for the Philippines War. During this time period Spain had control over several territories within the Caribbean because they were still a colonial power. Although Spain had control of the territories of Cuba and the Philippines, the inhabitants began to grow more and more rebellious as time passed. With the tension building betweenRead MoreThe Spanish American War in 18981256 Words   |  5 Pages The quote A Splendid little war by Secretary of State John Hay summarizes the Spanish American War in 1898. While this war could be seen as an act of aggression by the 20th century standards this war was beneficial to the United States of America while being deviating to the Kingdom of Spain for many reasons. There were many causes for the Spanish American War. The first long term cause was the Wilson Gordon Tariff. This tariff ultimately decreased tariff rates for may Europeans nations excludingRead MoreThe Spanish American War of 1898 Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spanish American War of 1898 One hundred years ago, in 1898, the United States was fighting the Spanish-American War. The victory over Spain made the United States a colonial power. The Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, as well as the formerly independent nation of Hawaii, became American possessions. The excuse for entering the war was the rebellion by the Cubans against Spanish rule and the explosion of an American battleship U.S.S. Maine. The Spanish coloniesRead MoreTaking a Look at the Spanish American War Essay945 Words   |  4 Pages During his presidency William McKinley said, â€Å"War should never be entered upon until every agency of peace has failed.† His message never fully reached the American people because in the late 19th century the people were longing for an opportunity to keep up with other empires and they took the first chance they approached. They saw war with Spain as a quick way to prove supremacy and saw plenty of benefits. The Spanish American war was inevitable for America because the people had a strong driveRead MoreEssay on The Cause And Effect Of The Spanish American War953 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican imperialism in 1898 was not a sudden abandonment of anti-colonial tradition but was a logical extension of commercial expansion, somethi ng the US had been doing throughout its history (SparkNotes: The Spanish American War, 1898-1901,: Effects of the Treaty). President McKinley was not interested in wars of conquest or of territorial aggression. His interest in expansion was to make the United States first in international commerce and as a means to implement its humanitarian and democraticRead MoreSpanish American War : The Spanish War720 Words   |  3 PagesSpanish-American War The Spanish-American War was in 1898. It was an issue between the United States and Spain. The war began in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain, which began in February 1895. Spain’s harsh measures to stop the rebellion were represented for the U.S. public by many newspapers, and American sympathy for the rebels rose. Spain announced an armistice on April 9 and speeded up its new program. Spain declared war on the United States on April 24, followed by a U.S. declarationRead MoreSpanish-American War2219 Words   |  9 PagesThe Spanish-American War was fought between the United States, and Spain. Sadly it’s not a popular subject in high schools these days, so most students don’t know anything about this war. The Spanish-American War marked a new beginning for the United States, Cuba and Spain. These countries where affected by the war because the Spanish American war would end the Spanish Empire, create a new one, and give a colony its independence. WHAT STARTED THE WAR The Spanish American war was about Cubin IndependenceRead MoreThe American Of The Spanish American War1630 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the time of the Spanish American War to the current conflict in the Middle East, the United States went from relative isolation to increased global involvement because of their urge for humanitarianism, economic self-interest, and the search for Manifest Destiny. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American society were the increase of immigrants, increase in resources and â€Å"Yellow Press† media. The United States were the helping hand to Cuba during when America was movingRead MoreThe American Of The Spanish American War Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1898 the Spanish American War or nicknamed â€Å"The Splendid Little War,† began and was short lived lasting roughly four months forever changing our country for the better and the worse. Although the war might have seemed focused on freeing Cuba from Spain and gaining independence for Cuba and the Philippines, it was actually stimulated by nationalism and commercialism. Commercialism was a major factor when declaring war because the United States depended on Cuba and the Philippines for trade and

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Indus Valley Peak

Question: Write an essay on The Indus Valley civilization ? Answer: The Indus Valley civilization is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the city of Harappa was the capital and the most important city of this civilization. The civilization developed along the side of the river Indus and therefore agriculture flourished during that period in that particular area (Korisettar 2015). Although, much of the Harappan scripture had remained undeciphered, there are certain scriptures or rather the phonetic language, which the archeologists had deciphered (Recchia, Gabriel and Max 2015). Reading those, scriptures the archeologists had derived the conclusion that the Indus culture or the civilization is one of the most stable civilizations, which has remained constant and stable until its destruction. The scholars believe that may be the city of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, were under the theocratic rule, which means the priest ruled it during that time. The priest in the Harappan civilization was there in the citadel and the priestly class of the civilization was the most powerful of all the classes that were there in the civilization. Harappa had people who were regarded as the specialized warriors; in spite of that, the defense and the construction as well as the preparation of the fortress lay in the hand of the priests. The priests had the final word in this matter (Rao, Bhonsle and Kumar 2016). The archeologists had a firm believe over this fact because there are proves of the artisans house and granaries near those citadels where the priest used to stay, which shadow light on this fact that may be the priest were responsible for the construction of the fort. The Harappan civilization, reached its peak during the second millennium, which means approximately during the 4000 to 2000 BC. There are some archeologists and scholars, who believe that the Harappan belongs to the first group of Homo sapiens. The archeologists believe that these people somehow were separated from a large group who was then migrating from Africa. After being separated, the group traveled to the Mediterranean and from there to Afghanistan and then following the route reached the Indus River, where they ultimately set up their civilization. Therefore, following this description it can be assumed that the Harappans were nomads but slowly agriculture grew as the most important part of the economy of this civilization (Vijay 2015). The people in Harappan civilization was also very skilled in making bronze models and bronze statue and at the same time they are also someone who was efficient in making metal tools and weaving cloths. Harappa was the chief city where, trade grew and it was the most important market place. During the Indus Civilization trade relationship developed between Indus and the Mesopotamian Civilization. The Harappan Civilization is a civilization, was the richest and most interesting civilization in human history, which also faced controversy because many scholars believe that for the destruction of the city of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, the Aryans were responsible. According to the scholars, if one had a thorough reading of the Vedic scriptures then they could found out an incident where there is mention of the destruction of the walled city by the Lord Indra. Therefore, in the Vedas Indra has also been referred as the purandara or the one who is responsible for the destruction of the fort (Dibyopama et.al 2015). The archeologists put forward the fact that the skeletal remaining that were found in the city of Mohenjo-Daro, prove the fact that people there died because of some violent actions. The Aryans too, were nomads, like the people of the Harappa, had once being but the special feature of the Aryans were that they were skilled in horse riding and they were warriors at the same time. Although, unlike the Harappan, the Aryans did not have the knowledge of agriculture, the Aryans were those people who had the knowledge of cattle rearing(Banerjee 2015). The scholars believe that the Aryans are learned the skill or the art of agriculture from those Harappans who were still remaining after the destruction and many also state the fact that non-Aryans or the Harappans were accumulated in the Vedic culture by the Aryan themselves. Although, there are many scholars who believe that the Aryans are not responsible for the destruction of Harappa. The archeologist and the scholars believe that deforestation, floods and other natural calamities lead to the destruction of Harappa and the Aryans were not at all responsible for the destruction of the city. Although this is a fact that the archeologists only want to hold for the city of Harappa, and not for Mohenjo-Daro, the archeologists believe that the skeletal of Mohenjo-Daro prove violent destruction and the description of the wall destruction of Indra could be related to this explanation. Reference Dibyopama, Astha, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin, and Vasant Shinde. "Human Skeletal Remains from Ancient Burial Sites in India: With Special Reference to Harappan Civilization."Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology28, no. 1 (2015): 1-9. Korisettar, Ravi. "Book Review: Irfan Habib, Prehistory and Irfan Habib, The Indus Civilization."Studies in People's History2, no. 2 (2015): 247-250. Rao, J.S., Bhonsle, B.R. and Kumar, B., 2016. Hindu temple cartsRathams. InEssays on the History of Mechanical Engineering(pp. 367-388). Springer International Publishing. Recchia, Gabriel L., and Max M. Louwerse. "Archaeology Through Computational Linguistics: Inscription Statistics Predict Excavation Sites of Indus Valley Artifacts."Cognitive science(2015). Vijay, Muni. "Agriculture at KalibanganEvidences and Excavations."Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies3, no. 12 (2015). Korisettar, Ravi. "Book Review: Irfan Habib, Prehistory and Irfan Habib, The Indus Civilization."Studies in People's History2, no. 2 (2015): 247-250. Recchia, Gabriel L., and Max M. Louwerse. "Archaeology Through Computational Linguistics: Inscription Statistics Predict Excavation Sites of Indus Valley Artifacts."Cognitive science(2015). Rao, J.S., Bhonsle, B.R. and Kumar, B., 2016. Hindu temple cartsRathams. InEssays on the History of Mechanical Engineering(pp. 367-388). Springer International Publishing. Vijay, Muni. "Agriculture at KalibanganEvidences and Excavations."Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies3, no. 12 (2015). Dibyopama, Astha, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin, and Vasant Shinde. "Human Skeletal Remains from Ancient Burial Sites in India: With Special Reference to Harappan Civilization."Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology28, no. 1 (2015): 1-9. Banerjee, Madhubanti. "Rakshasas and Asuras in Hindu Epic Tales."IJASOS-International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences1, no. 2 (2015): 147-152.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

The Apostle Paul Had Four Missionary Journeys. These Journeys Are Resp

The Apostle Paul had four missionary journeys. These journeys are responsible for the spread of Christianity and created many churches throughout countries of the Mediterranean. On his first journey, Barnabas, Saul, and Mark, church leaders, accompanied Paul travel to the island of Cyprus and parts of Asia Minor. Paul would preach the gospel and start many churches. His journey started in the city of Seleucia and concluded in Antioch of Syria. The first missionary journey was around the year of 46-48 AD. After separating with Barnabas from a disagreement they had, Paul chose Silas, a Christianity follower, to accompany him on his second missionary journey. They traveled north to Asia Minor. Their goal for this journey was not to start churches, but to encourage the existing churches to have strong faith in Christ. The young Timothy, another Christianity follower, joined Paul and Silas in Lystra. The Apostles journeyed to Macedonia, and in the city of Philippi, Paul and Silas were imprisoned. On Paul's third missionary journey, the apostle traveled to Ephesus and holds a revival at the church. In Ephesus, Paul preached to the people about the Holy Spirit. He also went to Macedonia to visit the troubled church in Corinth. This church had a problem about turning away from God. He stayed there for three months preaching and teaching the gospel. Paul's fourth voyage was to Rome and this voyage was about to fulfill God's plan. Since he was jailed in Jerusalem and Caesarea, the apostle appealed to Caesar and was sent to Rome. When he arrived at Rome, he would preach to the Roman guards from his imprisoned room and would also write several letters to the churches in Asia Minor. As years went by, he was set free and still preached the gospel to people, but didnt travel as much.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Modeling of Water Uptake essays

Modeling of Water Uptake essays Modeling of Water Uptake into Polymeric Aerosol Particulates Deposited on the Lung Surface Inhalation of aerosolized drugs holds promise as a means to treat localized disease states within the lung and may also represent an ideal method for drug delivery to the systemic circulation. The use of polymer-based aerosol carriers for controlled drug delivery via the lung is an approach that may improve the duration and effectiveness of drugs delivered to the respiratory tract. However, the ability to optimize new formulations for pulmonary drug delivery has been limited by the inability to closely mimic the conditions the particles encounter in the various regions of the lung. Conventional "complete immersion" methods used to characterize microparticle water uptake rates, polymer degradation kinetics, and drug diffusion rates may not be relevant for particles designed for inhalation due to the extremely thin aqueous layers in the lungs. In this paper, I discuss the forces on a particle at the air-surfactant-particle interface used to determine the extent of submersion. Then, I model the water uptake into particles completely immersed in liquid and compare it to water uptake into spherical particles partially submersed in liquid. From published water contact angles, it was found that 10 mm PLGA 50:50 particles would be submersed 6.8 mm into the liquid phase; more hydrophobic PLGA 90:10 particles would be submersed 6.1 mm. The aqueous layers in the lung have a significantly lower surface tension than water. Particles will therefore be submerged more into the lung liquid than in water, and may be completely submerged. Concentration profiles for 5 mm particles completely submerged in an aqueous solution showed the concentration within the particles increases with time until a steady value is reached in approximately 67 hours. Water uptake into particles submersed in humidified air depends on adsorption and condensation of water on the...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

The Power Trainings Role In The Sports Football Essay

The Power Trainings Role In The Sports Football - Essay Example The defensive players, which rely on extension strength, need to power train their triceps muscle group (i.e. upper arms); meanwhile, the offensive players, which rely on flexion strength, need to power train their biceps muscle group (Sharkey and Gaskill, Sports Physiology 199). The principle of specificity enables the football players to concentrate their power training on the particular muscle group used, as a defensive or offensive player, on the field. The most common power training program is the lifting program. This program usually consists of â€Å"utilizing barbells, dumbbells, exercise machines and plyometrics† (Arthur and Bailey 10). While the use of weights is common for lifting, plyometrics is considered a more advanced power-building technique. It works by â€Å"rapidly stretching and contracting specific muscles under significant resistance† and improves the speed by which contraction commences in the muscles (McCarthy 160). Thus, it does not suffice to say that there is the power behind those muscle groups; it is also essential to understand the mechanisms that enable football players to fully exploit the power potential built in their muscles. In any sports training, an imperative initiative involves warm-up exercises while overdoing the training is considered unhealthy if not risky. These exercises enable the player to â€Å"establish a strength and endurance base† and avoid joint pains or delayed onset muscle soreness (Sharkey and Gaskill, Fitness and Health 197). In plyometrics, warm-ups include a slow start and then the gradual escalation of repetitions and intensity (Sharkey and Gaskill, Fitness and Health 197). It is very important that players recognize the setbacks and dangers involved in this power training since this will enable everyone to safeguard themselves, their muscles in particular, and optimally perform in the field.

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Managed health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managed health care - Essay Example her medical related problems in terms of cost are thought to be handled by Managed health care organizations, yet it has become controversial as the defined tasks are not properly done. Physicians, surgical equipment companies, pharmacies are considered for taking high costs and incentives as their commission. If managed care is to be associated with health care as a compulsion, all such activities should be taken under observations so as to provide proper and adequate medical facilities to the patients, which are of comparatively lower cost so that maximum number of people can benefit from it (Managed health care, Tobin 2012). No doubt managed health care provides enough benefit when the services are taken in bulk; it prominently reduces the total cost of equipments. Moreover, when managed health care organizations provide choice amongst physicians, labs and hospitals, it also becomes highly cost reducing for them as well as for the patient. But one who thinks that limiting choice is a bad option; he/she should have more money to spend in order to consult with other doctors. The delivery system by such organizations should be fair and cost-effective, i.e., all hospitals, physicians, nurses, Para-medical staff who are affiliated with managed health care organizations should be provided timely and at proper and needed place. In these areas, somehow managed health care is earning good points. But on the other hand, if the commission set by the elements of the delivery system rates too high, or they are less effective than the cost, the system starts to decline and the opponents get something to argue upon (D onohue 2008). Before managed health care was introduced, there was fee-for-service method in which doctors were paid every time they provide some service. Their services can be limitless and thus they earn a lot by this method. They themselves were the ones who decide how much to be charged for a particular service. Managed health care organizations convince

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa Essay Example for Free

The AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa Essay The dilemma regarding the AIDS inflicted citizens in Africa is a modern day paradox. On one hand, mankind can achieve huge strides in the research necessary to control the malady which has already killed so many. On the other, modern civilization risks the exploitation of fellow human beings born into a more unfortunate and primitive lifestyle deficient in modern healthcare. In general, the debate which takes precedence above all others is the question of equality in the context of morality. According to the traditional perspective of Immanuel Kant constructed in his Metaphysics of Morals, the universal presumption of moral principles is that they apply to all rational autonomous beings at all places and at all times. Thus, Kant would argue that the medical care provided to trial participants in Africa should be equivalent, or at least comparable, to the treatment offered to citizens in more advanced societies as long as it does not compromise the rational autonomy of the people involved. To approach the issue from Kants perspective, it is important to first delineate the considerations Kant would reason to be the most morally relevant when attempting to provide a conclusion. In his work, Kant clearly outlines three general principles about moral duties as well as other considerations which can are applicable to the situation. First of all, it would be essential to determine if giving inferior treatment to uneducated individuals in Africa is a choice based on a sense of duty, or if ulterior aims might exist. On first glance, this seems to lead to an initial conclusion that failing to provide volunteers with comparable treatment is an unfair and immoral choice based on monetary and political motives. However, further analysis reveals that the rational autonomy of the individuals in question must also be considered. Providing the luxurious treatments seen in more advanced countries to people in Africa may violate their rational autonomy by tempting or deceiving them into an action they would not normally undertake. Therefore, any choice made in regards to AIDS treatments must reflect a desire to do what is right while preserving and respecting the rational autonomy of the individuals. Kants second consideration would be to base the moral quality of his decision on the intentions of that choice, not the actions consequences. Thus, the issue cannot be resolved by developing a best case scenario, but must be determined by distinguishing which option is enacted with the best moral intentions. In this way, it is likely that the most morally acceptable choice would be the one which puts Africas citizens on an equal consideration with the rest of the world, and so would include providing identical treatment. Thirdly, it is important to make sure that whatever direction is taken, it is taken out of respect for the moral law and for no other reason such as need or desire. To fulfill the third principle, an action cannot violate the categorical imperative. Otherwise, the decision cannot be considered as a moral action. The moral law, as Kant explained, is a universal formula that ensures all actions are undertaken with pure motives without consideration of the consequences. When deciding whether or not to give Africans the same health benefits that AIDS phase II trial volunteers would receive in other countries, even if they are very expensive, it is important to determine whether the choice could be applied universally. In other words, Kant would compare the options faced by pharmaceutical companies by placing all of them in the categorical imperative, and observe which options are inherent contradictions. When weighing the options using the categorical imperative, the results once again suggests that providing African volunteers with equivalent treatments takes precedence over all other options. The concept of appropriate treatment, if determined only on monetary, social and political status, would seemingly contradict itself if it were considered a universal law. Kant would argue that by issuing care by status, people would be applying a different standard to their own behavior than they would want applied to themselves and everyone else. The problem with the contradiction argument, critics might argue, is that it may prove difficult if not impossible to provide supporting evidence that universalizing the maxim would result in a contradiction. Advocates would then turn to another method of formulating the categorical imperative to support their position. In the alternate interpretation, known as the second formulation, the categorical imperative serves as a requirement that we must not treat other rational beings as mere means to our own purposes. This tactic allows proponents of equal treatment to establish their position without attempting to prove any inherent contradictions. Instead, they simply have to show that by failing to meet the precedence of care in other countries, pharmaceutical companies are treating people as ends not as means. Critics may also claim that a truly moral decision would factor in the hard work of the manufacturers of the antiretroviral drugs, as well as anyone else involved in the trials. Kant would not dismiss this assertion. In Metaphysics of Morals, Kant does not attempt to claim that all actions must always be undertaken out of a sense of duty, he simply outlines the necessary components required to establish an individuals own autonomy based on reason. When considering the dilemma faced by pharmaceutical companies, the only critical consideration is whether the ultimate decision conforms to moral law. They may also argue that the drugs given to Americans and Europeans are so much more expensive to Africans that it cannot be deemed appropriate to treat African volunteers with them. To this argument, Kant would refute the idea that the term appropriate should not be applied universally. In his perspective, all humans are rational autonomous agents who deserve the same treatment. If a law or rule cannot be applied universally, a.k.a. fails the categorical imperative, then it should not be considered moral. The philosophy of the Metaphysics of Morals appears to lend itself nicely to the dilemma of conducting phase II trials in Africa by clearly addressing the major moral concerns involved while at the same time respecting the complexity of the conflict. Kant would recognize that other peoples livelihoods and incomes can be considered when deciding whether or not to provide expensive treatments in Africa, as long as the ultimate decision does not violate moral law. Pharmaceutical companies must insure that they are not manipulating or violating the rational autonomy of their possible test subjects in Africa, but may still consider other variables such as profits and benefits to society. Consequently, pharmaceutical companies appear to have a moral duty to provide adequately equal care to all phase II trial participants in Africa, providing they take steps to insure they are not violating anyones rational autonomy in the process.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Comparing the Use of Language in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet Essay

Comparing the Use of Language in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet As characters of high birth and important political positions, Titus and Hamlet are necessarily observed closely by those around them for their reaction to the tragic events that have taken in place in their lives; and it is primarily the unique language with which they express their grief and anger that disconcerts both their enemies and their friends, and keeps them under an exacting scrutiny for the duration of their eponymous plays. The other characters in Titus Andronicus and Hamlet interpret the language of these tragic heroes, the devices it employs, the lack of decorum it exhibits, as the symptom of madness. It is a language born out of suffering and crafted by intelligence and insight, and, above all, a desire to push language to its expressive limit, and as such, a language that characters like Marcus, Tamora, Polonius, Horatio, and Gertrude cannot appreciate, and are quick to label madness. And yet there is also a sense in which this term in not wholly inapplicable, for, a s these plays demonstrate, there is a fine line between poetry and madness. The language of the principal characters in Titus Andronicus is fraught with poetic devices, such as allusion to classical mythology and extended similes, many of which are in the heroic style of Virgil and Homer and appropriate classical themes. Titus compares his return to Rome with "the bark that hath discharged his fraught/ [and] returns with precious lading to the bay/ from whence at first she weighed her anchorage" and voices a desire that the virtues of Rome's new leader, Saturninus, will "reflect on Rome as Titan's rays on earth" (I.i.71-73, I.i.225-226). Lucius describes the bodies of his dead broth... ...ft, Horatio. The funeral baked meats/Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables," thus realizing, through language, all of the implications of such a union of opposites (I.ii.180-1). Titus is also the only character in his play to make full sense of its themes-through the devices of metaphor, which yokes together seemingly disparate aspects of life, and the device of metonymy, which pares people and concepts down to their very essence, he comes to an understanding of the true nature of violence, grief, and revenge. Works Cited: Kurmode, Frank. Shakespeare's Language. The Penguin Group. London, 2000 Shakespeare, William. Titus Andronicus. Ed. Eugene M. Waith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 5th ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2002.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Importance of College Education

Student Name: Student Identification Number: Course Number and Title: ENG110. 6. 3 Achieving Academic Excellence Assignment Number and Title: Writhing Assessment 5_06 Date of Submission: April 10, 2013 The importance of a college education to me will allow me grow professionally as well personally. Obtaining my degree will benefit me by helping me get the proper education to help further my career I chose in Human Resources. It will open a whole new world for me and allow me to grow. I can obtain my degree which is very important because I want to be financially stable and have a career in Human Resources.College will open doors and provide me with better opportunities than just having a high school diploma. Having a college degree for me would help me achieve what I want and where I want to go. That is to have a stable job and have a decent income coming in so I can live comfortable. One of my reasons for me to go back to college is my only son. He is thirteen now and I am hoping to get my degree before he graduates out of high school. I want him to have a positive role model to look up to. I want him to understand what a college education can provide to him if that’s the path he chooses after high school graduation.My lifelong goals sent me back to school so I can better my life and show my son what a college degree can take you. I’m hoping it will help me get a better job so that I will be able to provide for myself and my son. According to Mr. Scott Reed â€Å"with a definite, step-by-step – ah, what a difference it makes! You cannot fail, because each step carries you along to the next, like a track†. One can be more competitive in the growing job market. Having a college degree is going to help me pursue what I want and will help me grow personally and professionally.I chose to further my education at Ashworth because of the flexibility of taking classes online and being a full time mom and having a full time job, Ashworth made it possible to go back to school. In this day and age it’s hard to get a good paying job or having a career without obtaining a college education. By achieving a college degree I will have improved my chances of acquiring a great paying job in Human Resources. Bibliography Successstories. com 2011 http://www. successories. com/iquote/author/4072/scott-reed-quotes/1

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Is Sexism Still a Force in Our Culture - 1212 Words

Is Sexism Still a Force in Our Culture? Sexism against women has been prevalent for hundreds of years, despite the fact that there is nothing inherently sexist about human existence, or that of other animals. In fact, there exist a number of animal species that are not sexist, and the sustained prevalence of sexism among humans is a topic that necessitates investigation. This paper examines sexism as it relates to contemporary culture, with particular emphasis paid to whether women have overcome the oppression that they lived with during preceding generations. Specifically, this paper begins with an examination of the different ways in which sexism manifests in todays culture, then discusses the specific ways in which sexism has been combated. Ultimately, it is argued that while substantial developments have been made in combating sexism, gender discrimination is still inextricably linked with culture. Sexism is still embedded in the fiber of contemporary culture. However, to further explore the ways in which sexism is in tertwined with culture, it is first necessary to define culture. For the purposes of this investigation, culture refers to the corporate environment and forms of employment, as well as the different entertainment industries and canonical literary texts that are endorsed in schools and the greater society. Although not necessarily a product of culture, this paper also investigates the possibility that there is inherent sexism that manifests throughShow MoreRelatedInequality Between Men And Women1315 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction 3 Thesis 3 Defining Sexism 3 Why is it a social problem? 3-4 Statistics 4 Identifying and Defining Four Concepts Related to Sexism 4-5 How is this problem being addressed? 5 Conclusion 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Social problems have always been a part of society. Although some social problems have disappeared over time others have uprooted and evolved to fit our ever-changing world. Within our textbook, A. Leon-Guerrero definesRead MoreJapanese culture is one of the most well appreciated yet, sometimes intriguing and difficult to1000 Words   |  4 PagesJapanese culture is one of the most well appreciated yet, sometimes intriguing and difficult to understand in comparison to certain other cultures. The differences between men and women, different religious ideologies and many symbolic beliefs are characteristics that makes this a culture of world-wide study by many people from other parts of the world. Because of its complexity to understand and learn, Japanese culture not only reflects this major differences in the present day, but it follows theRead MoreWomen s Leadership Position Within The Sport Industry972 Words   |  4 Pagesmake unusual efforts to succeed. If I fail, no one will say, ‘She doesn t have what it takes.’ They will say, Women don t have what it takes. Clare Boothe Luce. 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Also, the expectations are the same in hip hop culture because men reject l esbians. An example is the murder in 2003 of Sakia Gunn after she declared her lesbian identity to a group of males. We all know that in hip hop culture men predominate and precisely masculine. Women can achieve a higherRead MoreHip Hop : The Rise Of The Post Hip Rap Generation1168 Words   |  5 Pagesnever be the focus of political change. Asante argues that â€Å"old white men† have dictated hip-hop, and by extension the actions of black youth, since 1991. â€Å"Allowing white executives, not from the hip-hop culture, to control and dictate the culture is tragic because the music, and ultimately the culture, as we can see today, has not only lost its edge, but its sense of rebellion and black movement- the very principles upon which it was founded.† Asante calls for the rise of â€Å"artivism,† a new social movementRead MoreAdvertising Bigotry: the Foundation888 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past, the ideals of American society incorporated numerous stereotyp es that even today cause detrimental effects within our infrastructure. The lasting belief of women and African Americans’ inferiority and its harrowing portrayal in advertisements originates from the very distant past. Seemingly from the beginning of time, women all over the world were viewed as lesser individuals therefore they received lesser roles in their society. Since the 18th century, when America first began colonization