P&G Japan: The SK-II Globalization Project Essay

SK-II’s success is not only prestige skin care product or advanced technology but also its marketing approach to build the new brand. P&G succeeded to connect between the core technology or product concept and local market. Through Japanese market among the world’s toughest competitors, P&G developed potential source of innovations. In addition, SK-II’s marketing strategy built a new approach, Market research, Concept, Packaging, Positioning, Communications strategy. It was a big challenge that P&G shifted from Mass marketing, such as Olay brand, to Class marketing. SK-II’s marketing strategy. The primary issue concerning the case is the transformation of â€Å"SK-II† from a local brand to a global brand. This case allows us to evaluate how companies can â€Å"internationalize† their brands, and the obstacles and issues that they face while addressing this issue. Until now, SK-II can be characterized as local product in Japan with a sizable r egional customer base in Taiwan and Hong Kong. SK-II brand is positioned at the high- end of skin care and provides high margins for the P&G. To adopt Japanese independent sales style for skin-care, they were sold through special stores by well- trained beauty counselors. At first, to examine the underlying reasons behind the difference between Japanese and other corporate management, I sum up the significant reasons why P&G’s Japanese operation was a failure until 1984 as follows: 1. P&G did not take the time to determine the local needs based on the culture and common practices among Japanese customer. The product development was based on Western markets and it was assumed that it would streamline itself to other areas of the world. 2. Stagnation in innovation is a failure for almost any business. With technology always moving forward at a fast rate, it is imperative for all retail products to constantly put forth effort in  research and development. R&D is one of P&G’s strong points, yet the mismanagement of the division led to complacency in the development work. Due to the lack of improvements and the time lost, it allowed other competitors to release superior products quickly and efficiently. This ultimately led to a significant decrease in market share for P&G. 3. The Japanese distribution system is complex and difficult to assimilate to. P&G did not research and strategize to form new efforts in distributing the products efficiently and take advantage of the benefits of the distribution system commonly used. Instead of fixing the problem, P&G turned towards reduced pricing which drove the distributors away and caused sales to drop. Corporate management methods and the actual managers at headquarters in US and EU have certainly won many achievements in the US and Europe and elsewhere. In many cases, however, Western managers and Western management teams are ill prepared to succeed in Japan. In many cases, like P&G, drastic changes in thinking and management methods and personal changes at headquarters would be necessary to succeed in Japan. However, there are not many Western companies, which act on this knowledge. In this case, there were two major changes that P&G implemented to improve its operations to increase its profitability. Firstly, P&G increased R&D budget and secondly, they restructured with a plan called Organization 2005. Organization 2005 dealt with corporate cultural changes in becoming less risk averse and more productive with use of time. They encouraged innovation and creative high risk decisions with new products at a rate of more than once a month. Process changes included compensation reform with greater incentives based on performance, stock options to all employees, streamlined administrative aspects of marketing, payroll, and budgets on a more global/regional level. Structural changes included changing from 4 regional units to 7 global business units (GBUs) that were responsible for executing the global strategies of the company. Each GBU were tasked with creating a uniform production process for all their regional products so that they can be more cost effective and more open in new product rollouts. They also reduced the number of brands and only kept the ones with high sales and global potential. More power was given to lower level managers and the levels of bureaucracy were reduced by eliminating the amount of steps to the top. Among the human resources organization corporate cultures that have  changed Japan, foreign companies such as P&G has been the most influential. In fact, deregulation of labor aimed at strengthening international competitiveness and increasing the fluidity of employment has steadily eroded the traditional system of lifetime employment, seniority-based wages, and enterprise welfare at Japanese businesses. Many Japanese companies are now moving more toward a performance- based system when it comes to rewarding and promoting employee to be global company. In order to figure out whether SK-II is a product that can be global brand, we need to identify reasons for SK-II’s success in the Japanese market. First, by based on research of Japanese market, P&G made clear targeting and positioning, and developed new products which fulfilled customers’ needs, built the effective distribution. As a result, P&G could establish differentiation advantages for the following. †¢ Product: â€Å"Foaming massage cloth†, Elegant dispensing box â€Å"Foaming massage cloth† increase skin circulation through a massage while boosting skin clarity due to the microfibers’ ability to clean pores and trap dirt. †¢ Price: Premium price †¢ Place: Luxury and counter at department store †¢ Promotion: Counseling by beauty counselor, TV advertising, Beauty magazines P&G utilized and rebuilt its distribution channels of using trained personnel at beauty counters throughout Japan. SK-II’s success had been achieved in a culture where the customers, distribution channels, and competitors were different from in other countries. For example, Japanese customers more educated, average Japanese women spent 4.5 minutes on her face cleansing, and most sophisticated users of beauty products in the world. On the other hand, in China customers due to Olay’s education recently moved from a one-step skin care process to a three-step cleansing and moisturizing process. However, unlike China, Europe had a large and sophisticated group of beauty-conscious customers who is already practiced a multistep regimen. As we see it is model is transferable but they have to modify some of models characteristic depending on customers behavior, competitors and market factor. P&G Japan’s competitive advantage is firm-specific but SK-II’s advantage is country-specific. I would suggest that de Cesare would be to expand SK-II brand within Japan. The company should continue to build on SK-II’s success in Japan. By building on brand’s  success in the proven domestic market, Procter & Gamble would be able to fully utilize the company’s competitive advantages. In this case, the company has achieved only 3% of the market share of the $10 billion beauty product market, and in addition the Japanese skin care market is forecasted to grow at 28% two-year growth rate. Given these opportunities, de Cesare is well advised to strongly expand SK-II brand within Japan. There are other attributes that make Japanese market attractive; these include brand name recognition and development of new products such as anti-aging and skin whitening that could expand the SK-II product line. Since the Japanese market is highly competitive and requires constant innovation, the Japanese division need to constantly introducing new products that could possibly be introduced to other markets as well. Increased market share and profitability of SK-II brand would also increase the brand’s standing among various Procter & Gamble brands; this increased awareness of SK-II brand could potentially pave the way for brand’s internationalization later on. The Japanese market is also one of the biggest markets for prestige skin care products, not only that, the country is also expected to see the skin care market (both main and prestige) grow by 28% over the next 2 years. However, there are some risks if the de Cesare chooses to only expand into the Japanese mark et. This could potentially make P&G Japan isolated from the rest of the world markets. P&G Japan could be oblivious to changes in the world market, and miss opportunities that could have allowed collaboration in R&D with other divisions that could have led to introduction of new and innovative products. To remain a major market player, P&G needs to keep expanding its products at a global level. I do not believe that the choices between expansion into China or Europe or increasing sales in Japan are all mutually exclusive with each other. All three of the markets can be critical to the successful globalization of P&G and its brands. The European market will probably prove to be the most difficult to penetrate, yet by concentrating on specific cities and markets, there is still potential for P&G’s superior product to prevail. This option would be the lowest priority of the three. P&G will need to keep up with technology and continue with new developments if they want to remain a leader in the prestige market in Japan. In terms of short term profitability, the Japanese market is unmatched. Cesare has forecasted an  earnings growth potential of 200% in 6 or 7 years based off a $150 million sales level. However, the focus should be on the Chinese market based on the long term potential for growth and profitability. All the other major market players are already present in the market so P&G don’t want to fall too behind with their competitors. Although China has a relatively small subset of their population that can afford the expensive SK-II product, it also has the highest growth rate of skin care use at an astounding 28%. With China’s economy and GDP growing at a fast rate, the potential for more able consumers of the 1.2 billion residents is seemingly limitless. In my conclusion, the first priority is they would be to expand SK-II brand within Japan to keep expanding its products at a global level. The next, they should be focus on the Chinese market based on the long term potential for growth. As the lowest priority, the European market will probably prove by concentrating on specific cities and markets.

Jeffrey Young Believes That Moves Towards ‘Upmarket Burgers’ Essay

Jeffery Young has this belief that there would be a positive shift towards ‘Upmarket Burgers’ Well I believe this point to an extent as we have approached to the generation; people of all ages go for a healthier option as it has become a trend for all ages. But as the economy improves there would be an increase of income therefore a quality market opportunity. But the Future is unpredictable as we are presently in Double-dip recession as we have no idea how the future is going to be The local Community would go for a Low-Priced but good quality food but the disadvantage would the company GBK may fail as it does not have as many consumers as it is highly prices, overall I conclude It all depends on the Income of the economy. On the hand I have a stronger belief that the fast food Franchises (A franchise is a right granted to an individual or group to market a company’s goods or services within a certain territory or location), in this case it is called the ‘Low-market Burgers’ will not go extinct because the franchises like McDonalds, KFC, Burger King and Subway have the following USP’s (Unique Selling Points). Well it has food at a lower price which they specialise in which is affordable to the local community who do not have enough of income to buy ‘Upmarket Burgers’ at a daily rate. The second reason that they are more recognised as they have a recognisable trademark (a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.) for Example:- For McDonalds there are the two golden arches which is in the shape of an ‘M’. And also their reputation known world-wide, as they are set in the best locations for these small franchises and services, they are almost found along each mile near a town centre. To Conclude I would say that the franchises like McDonalds, Burger King, KFC and Subway will not go into extinction as the customer loyalty increases through the years whereas the customer loyalty for GBK(Gourmet Burger Kitchen) will have a decrease because of their high quality, high priced products. Therefore, a reduction of GBK stores.

The Net Present Value method

1. Net Present Value ApproachThe Net Present Value method, which abides with the time value of money principle, is a capital expenditure appraisal method, which seeks the total future net cash inflow/outflow the project will provide in today’s terms.   Indeed, the expected net cash inflow/outflow of every year is discounted with a cost of capital rate determined by the company. There is not standard cost of capital that can be used, because it is different for every organization and project undertaken.   The main components of discounting are the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium.   These stem from the cost derived from the finance medium selected, risk of the project failing to provide the anticipated cash inflows and the rate of return attained from comparable capital projects.   The factors mentioned above will differ between companies and projects, thus substantiating the point of no standard discount r ate.Both the net present method and the other techniques described below hold the following assumptions:†¢ Uncertainty does not exist.   Random and unexpected fluctuations are therefore not considered in the capital expenditure appraisal method.†¢   A perfect capital market exists, which implies that unlimited funds can be obtained with the market rate of interest set.The higher the net present value attained, the more financially viable is the project at hand.   With the exception of the time value of money concept, no other qualitative characteristics are considered by this method.1.1   Internal Rate of ReturnThis method also uses the time value of money concept.   Under this technique, the discounted cash flow principle is applied in a less practical way.   The internal rate of return is determined in this method normally by trial and error.   This is the point at which the projects will break-even leading to a zero net present value.   A capital project is financially viable if the internal rate of return is greater than the discount factor applied for the project.   In fact, the higher the internal rate of return the greater the financial feasibility of the project at hand, because the higher is the margin of safety of the project not incurring a loss.1.2   Modified Internal Rate of ReturnAs its name implies this is a modified capital expenditure appraisal technique of the method described in the previous section.   The modification mainly stems from compounding all positive cash flows forward to end of the capital project duration.   The figure attained by the modified internal rate of return method is the one that portrays the present value of all cash outflows together with the future value of all cash inflows.The internal rate of return weakness that is mitigated by this method, which is also outlined in the next section, is the multiple root problem that is encountered when discounting cash outflows to the present da te.1.3 Advantages and Limitations of Capital Project Evaluation MethodsThe adoption of discounting, which adheres with the time value of money principle, which takes into account important business and economic factors such as the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium is considered both by the internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return technique and net present value method.   Even though they are more complex in nature and require more technical calculations, these three methods provide valuable financial information of a much better quality due to such feature.When the capital projects evaluated are not mutually exclusive and can be considered independently during the valuation, the net present value method and the internal rate of return approach will provide identical results, leading to the same decision.   However, the scale of the project is properly considered by the former capital expenditure appr aisal model, because it is an absolute measure of the project’s financial return.   On the contrary, the internal rate of return system adopts a relative measure to the project’s size and cash flow timing in relation to initial capital expenditure.   Therefore when projects are mutually exclusive and ranking is necessary in the business valuation, these two methods may provide dissimilar results.   The net present value method provides financial information of greater quality in such instances because it directs towards the capital project that holds the highest increase in financial wealth for the organization.   In addition, the ranking exercise is much easier to apply when the net present value method is adopted for mutually exclusive projects.The internal rate of return model can also provide misleading information when cash flows are non-conventional in the capital project examined.   In such cases, a nil or a vast number of internal rates of return may be derived, which would render the application of such method useless.   This problem does not apply to the net present value method.Even thought, the internal rate of return method had been improved by the adoption of the modified internal rate of return technique the net present value method is still the best method that an organization can adopt in order to value its capital projects.   We ought to keep in mind that only one limitation is removed with the application of the modified internal rate of return method.   In this section more were noted, that may provide inaccurate financial information leading to wrong decisions.References:Brockington B. R. (1993). Financial Management. Sixth Edition. London: DP Publications.Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.Lucey T. (2003). Management Accounting. Fifth Edition. Great Britain: Biddles Limited.Randall H. (1999).   A Level Accounting.   Third Edition .   Great Britain:   Ashford Colour Press Ltd.

Mission statement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mission statement - Assignment Example At the moment, security hailed courtesy of the Sheriff’s Office at Volusia County. The office works together with the citizens to provide safety and peace to reduce crime or fear emanating from it. The office ensures that their goal is met by seeking to confront and understand all underlying challenges leading to most security calls in the office. With the help of community policing and problem-solving skills, the office looks to improve significantly for the better an enhanced experience for visitors and its residents. The Volusia County office is dedicated to its commitment to administration, each employee on the premises, and the county residents working in cahoots to maintain the standards as a trustworthy source of assistance. Its personnel are dedicated to making individualistic contact with her community positive placing the office closer in partnership with each County resident (Volusia County Sheriff’s Office, 2015). The personnel is helpful and courteous at all instances. The future for Volusia County Sheriff office is bright owed to the employee’s moral standards. Sincerity, caring attitude, compassion, and honesty are the main pillars. Ventura County Sheriff’s Office stands out in the national ranking of secure zones to visit or spend a lifetime. Their guiding principle goal is to be in commitment to safeguarding the property and lives of the county’s residents through reaction to concerns in a way that promotes a region free of crime. The office reaches its goal guided by a comprehensive strategic mission to preserve peace, apprehend offenders, prevent crime, enforce laws, provide humane and secure detention for lawbreakers and offer problem solutions through community partnerships while displaying respect and empathy to dignity of all persons (Ventura County Sheriffs Office, 2015). This information on the website is opinionated to suggest an addition to the present strategy to serve the residents of Ventura County. The mission is

Negative Shopping experience assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Negative Shopping experience - Assignment Example Ignorance from the staff when trying to enquire about something also makes it uncomfortable when shopping in a given store. The presence of these experiences tends to make shoppers shy off from visiting a given shopping store for their shopping. Lack of the customers preferred item on a particular shopping center makes the experience more frustrating. It always feels good for any shopper to find his or her preferred item with ease, when the process of obtaining the item becomes tedious, then the experience is always not good as the shopper has to move from one shop to the other wasting lots of his or her time. Shopping together with irritating shoppers who usually dont care what they do in the shops may be a bad experience too. Some shoppers are always not patient, and some tend to overrun the queue to do their payment acting as if the other shoppers are not in any hurry. Such shopping habits are so irritating and make the experiences too bad for some of the shoppers. Some of the malls usually insist on their customers to carry out their shopping online, and the retailers will in turn organize for the delivery of the goods. The problem with this type of shopping is that, there will always be late deliveries, the customer care number indicated may fail hence the customers may fail to ask some important questions before shopping from the store. A study carried out to know why some clients are not comfortable with this type of shopping has identified that the shopping method is very demanding as the potential customers are bound to take lots of time trying to browse through the net and the information given to describe the products is very minimal. The result of this is the delivery of low-quality goods that do not meet the expectations of the customers and affect the experiences of the customers negatively. Again, most of the online shoppers have complained of clicking through many pages that makes the whole process

Production Process and Management Research Paper

Production Process and Management - Research Paper Example A company or a manufacturing company will be able to improve productive if the effectively integrate Computer integrated Manufacturing (Gouw, 2010). A production manager should be able to plan the production process. He should have a clear picture of the planning, scheduling, shipping of the products and a proper follow up. Through this strategy, the production manger should be able to detect any kind of delays in the production process. Two other responsibilities that he should have are proper Time management and effective employee engagement. A production manager should have proper time management as every phase in the production process is based a specific time schedule (Carter, 2010). Employment engagement is also another responsibility that is imperative for a production manager. When employees are more engaged in the production process, there is a possibility of increase quality and improved productivity. The employees can act as lookouts of the production plant as they will provide useful formation incase of an emergency. They will help reduce unnecessary maintenance cost by facilitating effective plant layout

Business Impacts of Computerized Accounting Assignment

Business Impacts of Computerized Accounting - Assignment Example He has always been willing and ready to offer any form of help. Company he works for Green works for Alliance for Arab women, a ‘non-governmental’ organization that operates in Cairo, Egypt. Alliance for Arab women is a human rights campaigner that spearheads fight for women’s rights and the identity of women in the society. Technology covered The subject of the interview was a recently implemented technology in the interviewee’s workplace. Having been an emerging technology in the developing countries and since his company just implemented computerized accounting a year ago, the interviewee promised to be fruitful in exploring business impacts of the technology. Even though his company is a ‘non-governmental’ organization, a ‘non-profit’ making entity, the experience that he has had with the technology is sufficient for drawing conclusions on the business impacts of the technology. Interviewee’s experience with the technolo gy The interviewee has had sufficient experience in electronic technologies. Having graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in information technology and taken an additional accounting course, Green has sufficient experience in technological applications in accounting. ... The technology has facilitated work through easy accounting processes. Accountants have for instance been saved the agony of making double entries with respect to transactions because the technology updates entries on single recording of a transaction. This has particularly reduced chances of errors due to incorrect entry of figures in different accounts for double entry procedures. The technology has further enhanced accuracy in accounting as the use of software has eliminated errors that were previously encountered during entries and computations in accounts and statements. Application of the technology has also aided the works of accountants through its capacity to handle large amount of data. Unlike the manual accounting processes that are prone to confusion especially when the data to be handled is large, computerized accounting maintains precision and accuracy irrespective of the size of records to be kept and dealt in. The technology has also enhanced accuracy and reliability in accounting, as records are easily retrievable on demand. Drawbacks to the technology implementation Implementation of the technology faced a number of obstacles, both within the organization’s accounting department and the management. The accounting staffs were for instance reluctant to change to the new technology because of the required training that they would be subjected to. There were also reports of employees who had not been comfortable with computers and saw the technology as push towards reliance on computers. The management was on the other hand reluctant to implement the technology due to the costs that would be involved. First, the management would be expected to contract a firm that would determine and maintain the company’s hard drives

In Germany Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

In Germany - Term Paper Example According to the term paper "In Germany" findings, modern historians like Kocka claim that the development and expansion of fascism was a long and enduring process, with its roots in the nineteenth century. Apparently, fascism was a complex product of numerous political factors; most importantly, the weaknesses inherent in the German political and party system. I think that this knowledge of history can help to prevent future tragedies similar to fascism. Germany has a well-developed system of art trends and experiences. Expressionism is one of the defining features of German art heritage. Despite the lack of agreement on what Expressionism really means, it takes a definite place in the development of German art. Expressionism has a rich history in Germany. Elger writes â€Å"expressionism, however, was by no means limited to fine art, even though its significance and influence in other areas should not be overestimated. The desire to follow an Expressionist style was equally widesp read in literature, drama, stage design, dance, film and architecture† (8). This being said, Expressionism in Germany comes as a complex and omnipresent phenomenon, which crosses the boundaries of fine art and greatly affects all areas of human creative activity. Simultaneously, as Expressionism affected creative activities in Germany, so was Expressionism influenced by the political and social climate in the country. Art and Expressionism, in particular, is both a product and reflection of the social and political climate in Germany.

Risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Risk management - Essay Example Student lifestyle is a contributing factor in relation to hazards like smoke inhalation, burning. The fire fighting and rescue team also needs to have a contact with paramedical team to tackle this situation which requires quick action and thinking on their feet. The Fire & Rescue Service Act, 2004 has been developed keeping in mind the potential hazards that may occur in places like student accommodations and also other fire and hazard sensitive places. An integrated risk management plan if prepared at an early stage can help the fire and rescue team to prepare themselves better to tackle any fire related situation. Risk Management and potential hazards are common situation through out the world. Due to present day modernisation and changing lifestyle people are becoming more prone to hazards like fire, smoke inhalation, burns, and cuts in almost all the places including students’ accommodations. The safety and security of people at the distressed situation becomes an extremely difficult task for fire and rescue team. To tackle this scenario they have to be preparing themselves to tackle any kind of situation and also to save precious lives as much as they can. Potential hazards which can cause harm to people and to their belongings can be both caused by nature like earthquakes, floods, storms, forest fires, flash floods and also from non-natural sources like fire, electric related hazards like shock, falling of tiles from the roof, cuts, and accidents. The risks involved in all this hazards are different in nature so to tackle them there has to be contingency plan for each situation. Th e fire and service team maintains a philosophy in managing risks like they give importance to saving lives the most. Then they look to save property which can be saved after any hazard like scenario, they generally don’t risk their lives while saving the properties

Determine the value of knowledge as a competitive weapon to modern Essay

Determine the value of knowledge as a competitive weapon to modern organisations - Essay Example nt position in this as they are the real â€Å"knowledge producers† and hence any new knowledge that a company looks for is produced courtesy through these people. (Rocca, 1992) Competitive success is basically commanded by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by observation or by experience attained, which can be called as assets that in turn create the required â€Å"core competencies† of the said organization. While these competencies do exist in many forms, learning on the part of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into other resources of knowledge to generate high-class and exceptional showing from the company’s employees. (Dunn, 2001) Core competencies, which usually flow out of a company, provide characteristic benefits to both the customers as well as any other individuals attached with it. These are generally espied as being the foundation of forming a competitive advantage within the said company. It is quite true that there is a host of ways in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The need here is to classify the m with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather some proportion to the fact of the actual remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees’ minds. It demands idealization and disclosure of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to already set cultural notions in companies and more so in the minds of their employees. (Fahy, 1996) Also operational infrastructure is changed through human resources organizational practices that are managed and received by the employees and other people in a different way altogether. A basic revamp of a knowledge-centered company is required here, which would involve the job ladders, compensations, work locales and command and

Project Planning Flow Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Planning Flow - Assignment Example The primary key to the success of a project lies in the thorough technical understanding of its main characteristics and goals as this will eventually facilitate the production of the project report and the meeting of the schedule(Lewis 45). The most important key to successful and effective project management is through planning. A logically constructed and orderly plan is essential to direct any type of project and to help in preparing a report from conception through completion. The key to good planning is in its turn founded on clearly defined project objectives. Project planning can begin with the identification of the client's needs, the development of a budget and work schedule that fit these needs, and the planning for resources, including staff and materials. Project Planning Flow A project manager's planning process begins with the full comprehension of the assumptions. The understanding of the assumptions is important given how the expectations for the final results of the project are based on the initial suppositions made. Furthermore, changing assumptions throughout the project can bring about lack of satisfaction about the final results among the senior management; a scenario that is rather frequent in the project management field. Therefore, and despite the fact that project length remains a critical factor in the eventual extent of satisfaction exhibited with regard to the final results, assumptions should be documented at project initiation and throughout using the project charter as a possible means. The project manager should from then on continue to challenge and revalidate the assumptions to ensure that the project is either redirected towards a different set of objectives or simply terminated fully in the event of changing assumptions. Among the assumptions that need to be considered are related to both enterprise environmental factors as well as organizational process assets. Assumptions related to the external environment, and which can affect any given project and should be therefore taken well into account, include for instance interest rates, changing customer demands and requirements, technology changes, market conditions, and even government policies. The assumptions about present or future company aspects which can impact the progress of a project include on the other hand the capability of a company's enterprise project management methodology, checklists, guidelines, forms, templates, and the project management information system. Other keys to effective project planning include the right sampling of the most effective people for the job. In fact, this is in many ways one of the most important first steps in building a human resource plan for one's organization or project. As a project manager you need therefore to determine the desired background of your team by setting up certain standards and requirements. This can include for example a specific amount of experience, knowledge and skills, the availability of the team and the ability of the assembled members to work well within a team environment. These set of standards will generally help in minimizing the number of possible candidates and the selection of the appropriate ones. Additionally, among the important considerations in building a project team is to establish the

Outsourcing as a Class Struggle Essay Example for Free

Outsourcing as a Class Struggle Essay The world has a long history of class struggles. Karl Marx saw the conflict between classes in the roles they played in goods production. The upper class or the bourgeoisie reaped all the benefits from the labor of the lower class or the proletariat. The exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie caused the former to live in poverty with no means to buy the goods he himself produced. In today’s global economy, the class struggle between the new bourgeoisie and the new proletariat is evident in business outsourcing. This is where companies find external experts to do non-core jobs for them to efficiently manage production costs. The current trend crosses international boundaries in search of low wage earners to pass the jobs to. They transfer employment from industrialized countries to poor third world nations with low manpower costs.. The workers in the foreign country who got the jobs, however, got much less for what should be humanly equitable. Marx would see outsourcing as the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class. In order to meet production targets, the workers would be made to work longer hours with the least pay. Marx would think that the sole intention of the capitalist class is to rake in profit at the expense of its workers who suffer work under unhealthy conditions and hours. Marx would likewise note that global operations would cause the detriment of local and established industries. The bourgeoisie’s capitalistic focus is on the maximum production that can be done in a day. It can weaken and destroy the proletariat but the proletariat has the means to fight off the bourgeoisie when it remains united in a common struggle,

Major Causes Of The Global Financial Crisis Economics Essay

Major Causes Of The Global Financial Crisis Economics Essay This is what this paper tries to do. It proceeds in three steps. The first reviews what do we mean by the term Financial Crisis or Credit Crunch and also a brief description on global financial crises. The second identifies what is the Causes of Global financial crisis (2008onwords). The third, and the most tentative of the three, takes a first pass at the contours of different macroeconomic policy i.e. U.S Government Macro-economic Policy measures. Financial Crisis or Credit Crunch A credit crunch (also known as a credit squeeze or credit crisis) is: A sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit), or a sudden increase in the cost of obtaining loans from banks Bernanke and Lown (1991) define a credit crunch as a decline in the supply of credit that is abnormally large for a given stage of the business cycle. Credit normally contracts during a recession, but an unusually large contraction could be seen as a credit crunch. When point comes to a financial crisis, it means a poorly functioning financial markets this inadequate performance of financial markets can lead to the limited entry of new firms, low production in the firms on hand, and greater financial constraints form small and medium enterprises. (Anna and Robert, 2005) There are several reasons why banks may suddenly increase the costs of borrowing or make borrowing more difficult. It can be used, because the expected drop in the value of collateral when granting loans to banks, or even to a greater awareness of the risks associated with the solvency of other banks in the banking system. It may be a change in monetary conditions (for example, when the central bank suddenly raising interest rates), or because the central government introduced direct instruction credit checks or banks do not engage more in loans additional. The negative effects of trade losses considerably, while the slowdown in growth, worsening of macroeconomic balances and huge inflationary pressures, etc. It is now clear that the current turmoil is more than simply a liquidity event, reflecting deep seated balance sheet fragilities and weak capital bases stated the International Monetary Fund. Global Financial Crisis The world economy experienced a severe economic downturn. Global financial crisis has caused economic activity, stop and dimmed the outlook for global growth. Although the severity and duration of the crisis are still unclear, the major industrialized countries have already or close to recession and global slowdown should lead to deeper and far more than previously thought. As the deepening financial crisis intensifies its grip on the global economy, Asian economies have begun to feel its effects. (James, William E. et al. 2008). According to Mohan, (2007) Taylor, (2008) the proximate cause of the current financial turbulence is attributed to the sub-prime mortgage sector in the USA. At a fundamental level, however, the crisis could be ascribed to the persistence of large global imbalances, which, in turn, were the outcome of long periods of excessively loose monetary policy in the major advanced economies during the early part of this decade. DeBoer (2008) believes that it was series of events which caused the crisis; it begins with the collapse of currencies in East Asia in 1997 and became edgy due to the financial crisis of Russia in 1998. Next, in USA was the dot-com stock collapse in 2001, and the final stroke was again in USA, when after a swift decline in housing prices and rapid contraction in credit, it fell into recession. Rasmus (2008) has the same thoughts; he, while discussing the reasons of economic recession of U.S said The real ailments afflicting the US economy for more than a quarter-century now include sharply rising income inequality, a decades-long real pay freeze for 91 million non-supervisory workers, the accelerating collapse of the US postwar retirement and healthcare systems, the export of the US economys manufacturing base, the near-demise of its labor unions, the lack of full time permanent employment for 40 per cent of the workforce, the diversion of massive amounts of tax revenues to offshore shelters, the growing ineffectiveness of traditional monetary and fiscal policy, and the progressive decline of the US dollar in international markets. Facts behind the Crisis According to Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung the current economic difficulties have a United States origin. The original underlying assets were houses whose prices were falling. The collapse of the securitized US mortgage market And its related derivative products amplified the weakness of the US housing sector, sending a contraction shock through the US economy and to the rest of the world. Causes of Global financial crisis As Nikolson (2008) acknowledged that financial crisis which instigated from USA has now become a global phenomenon. At present, not only in U.S but across Asia and Europe, stock exchanges crashed; collective losses of the London, Paris and Frankfurt markets alone amounted to more than 350 billion Dollars. Stock Exchange 100 index closed more than 323 points down in January 2008 (Times online 2008). There are some positive factors present in the circumstances. A rapid decline in prices of raw materials and energy caused by falling demand is temporarily tamed the inflation pressure. The proposed response to the Asian Development Bank, the Global Financial Crisis (2009), several countries have tried, the impact on the global economic slowdown and financial crisis of monetary policy (liquidity injections and rate cuts), the fiscal policies (tax benefits packages and revenue expenditure) and fiscal policy (deposit insurance and rescue). About the cause of current crisis Bartlett (2008) said that crisis was started with the downfall of US sub-prime mortgage industry , the intensity of this collapse was significant; Mark-to-market losses on mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations, and related assets through March 2008 were approximate $945 billion. He further stated that it is The largest financial loss in history. Global Macroeconomic Imbalances According to Portes (2009), global macroeconomic imbalances were the major underlying cause of the crisis. The savings-investment imbalance, which provide much of the transnational flow of capital too much weight to the funding process to produce global imbalances and the interaction with the defects of financial instruments to specific features of the crisis. This view is, however, provides only a partial analysis of the recent global economy. The deep and lingering crisis in global financial markets, the extreme level of risk aversion, the mounting losses of banks and financial institutions, the elevated level of commodity prices (until the third quarter of 2008) and their subsequent collapse, and the sharp correction in a range of asset prices, all combined, have suddenly led to a sharp slowdown in growth momentum in the major advanced economies Subprime Mortgage Crisis YÄÂ ±lmaz (2008) charged U.S subprime mortgage industry to be the major reason of current global financial crisis, he also stated that the total loses estimated initially up to $300 to $600 billion are now considered to be around $1 trillion. Sub-prime crisis is the housing crisis and the financial crisis, triggered by the sharp rise in defaults and foreclosures in the United States, the main negative impact on banks and financial markets through the world. The crisis of the late 20 Century appeared in 2007 and is disclosed stem constantly weaknesses in the regulation of the financial sector and the global financial system. Khatiwada and McGirr (2008) stated that many of these subprime mortgage loans in the balance sheet of banks they never have been born, and they are to attract foreign banks, which are high investment rating, with subprime borrowers to repay their s mortgages, originating institution closure of his own money to finance its assets back to the balance sheet. There was a lot of banks in the sustainability of public finances, uncontrollable relatively short calendar. Global Trends (2008 onwards) I would like to highlight some Global trends leading to the crisis are: High Commodity Prices: In 2008, the prices of many commodities such as oil and food, so high that it causes real economic damage. In January 2008 the price of oil crossed $ 100 a barrel for the first time, the first step in a series of awards after this year. In July, the oil price was $ 147 per barrel, though prices fell quickly. Trade: In mid-October 2008 Baltic Dry Index, a measure of cargo volume decreased by 50 percent from one week loan crisis, it was difficult to obtain letters of credit for exporters Inflation: In February 2008, Reuters reported that headline inflation to historic levels, and that domestic inflation was 10-20 years a large number of people. Supporting the oversupply of money in the world, growth spurt, a loose monetary policy in Asia, speculation in commodities, years of poor harvests, rising imports from China and the growing demand for products food and raw materials, rapid growth of emerging economies, Possible causes of inflation, as indicated. In mid-2008, IMF data showed that inflation was highest in oil-exporting countries and Asian developing countries, because the price of oil and food prices. Unemployment: The International Labour Organization estimates that are 20 million jobs lost, when he have the end of 2009 because of the crisis particularly construction, real estate, financial and automotive sector unemployment lay in the world more than $ 200 million for the first time. (Muhammad Usman IPRI Journal) US Government and financial crises Barack Obama, the new president of the United States has implemented a comprehensive economic policy in the United States on the economic crisis. Although the United States is facing the financial crisis now, and there is a recession looming economic problems of the United States several were taken to standardize. DeBoer (2008) believe that such bailout programs and other supporting packages from governments is like offering protection from a negative outcome which is more appropriate to be called as moral hazard; this trend could increase the possibility of future bad upshots Governments are providing support and doing what so ever they can to prevent their economical structure; US government injected $800 billion in the economy to support the structure, UK government has announced a package of $692 billion, European Union is about to start an economic recovery plan and IMF has called for minimum financial support of $100 billion (BBC news, 2008). U.S Government Macro-economic Policies and Legislations First, the U.S. policy to contain the infection and deal with the recession that followed. The two main legislative Troubled Asset Relief Program, which is supporting the U.S. economy, and institutions recovery and reinvestment for the year 2009 it aims to give impetus to the economy (Clinton T. Brass et al., 2009). Political proposals Thurs forces of change in the regulations and structure of regulation and supervision of national and international level have been coming through the legislative process, the maintenance of the recommendations of international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (Global Financial Stability Report, 2008), Bank for International Settlements (Walter W. Eubanks CRS report), and Financial Stability Board Forum(Report of the Financial Stability Forum2008). According to Fred Moseley (2009) the federal government has acted fairly vigorously in attempts to prevent a more serious crisis, and has been modestly successful in the short-run, but it remains to be seen how successful it will be in the long run. Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has a very accommodative policy (lower interest rates, which was short term and increased lending by commercial banks), and hopes that the banks increase their lending to companies and households. These traditional policies are not effective, because banks are reluctant to their loans are increasing, because they trust the creditworthiness of borrowers and the capital loss they have suffered (and still) that are required to reduce shortages to loans, the to approve loans, to maintain the equity ratio. Most importantly, the Fed loans to investment banks continued first in its history. Investment banks regulated by the Fed, so it has always been of the opinion that the Fed is not the responsibility as lender of last resort act, the investment banks, if they are in difficulties. In September 2008, when the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers (then as the fourth largest investment bank in the United States), exacerbation of the crisis triggered by the Fed still extraordinar y and unprecedented steps to rescue AIG, the largest insurance company in the world. AIG, the market for credit default swaps, the insurance policy, a government defaults on loans, which represent, including high-risk mortgage-backed securities and form of speculation that dominates the bonds and default However, the commercial banks and investment banks stopped lending have increased. And the Fed cannot solve the fundamental problems of excessive household debt, falling house prices and rising rates of foreclosure. Congress. In February 2008, Congress quickly passed a financial incentive Paper of 168 billion $, which includes tax relief for households and tax cuts for businesses. These tax cuts would have a positive effect on the economy last summer, but their impact was minor and transient. At best, tax relief, even if the pace of consumption, because such reductions can only be used once. In 2008, Congress adopted the anti-sealing operation, which the existing mortgages, the default for new installations, which represent about 85 percent of the fair value of the home refinancing can be verified, and the Federal Housing Administration to ensure, can then end of September, when the crisis worsened, Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson has requested and Congress approved (in the context of the threat, the rapid decline in stock markets), $ to buy 700 billion subprime-backed securities (toxic waste), the U.S. banks. s $ 700 billion a lot of money, it is $ 2,300 for every man, woman and child in the U nited States. Soon the law was passed, Paulson changed his mind and decided to use is 700 billion dollars by capital of banks (rather than buying toxic assets), and hopes that this increase is best way to encourage bank lending. The situation shows that leaving the financial capitalist system, their future, is inherently unstable, and only avoid government crises live at the expense of taxpayers. It is twice in the capitalist financial system is inherently unstable and rescue operations are necessary economically unfair. Conclusion After discussing the most common causes of the global financial crisis, I found that show some predictions that the world from a crisis that is unique in nature is suffering, because the Mortgage Industry in the United States and whether is then spread around the world but there is no general consensus about the same thing. The governments turn when they control their financial research, calculate, and the protection of their economic structure. In order to prevent future financial crises and the allocation of capital occurs at the mania of the monetary authorities would be asset price inflation and deflation, not only the price index (CPI) inflation and deflation because of their political activities, including governance. There is something disturbing about how the central banks have acted in the past: they are relentless commitment to keep inflation low, and revise their refusal, the inflation of resources, manufactured era marked by a combination of slow low wages and persistent economic instability. Regulation of health care should be taken in public funds to the safety and credibility of financial institutions, such as capital adequacy ratios (especially if the assets are weighted and the mark-to-market price increases) or tightened accounting to comply with the standards of booking, when the expected losses also unveiled its distorting effects, because they have led to convictions in honour of and sudden fire sale of assets. This proved to be strongly pro-cyclical, especially when the crisis has already erupted. It is important that the per capita gross domestic product is expected to grow because the new economic policy in the United States. Unemployment and underemployment are reduced, and exports of the products would soon seek U.S. economic policy. .

The Relationship Between Geography And International Relations Politics Essay

The Relationship Between Geography And International Relations Politics Essay From this quote, it can be understood the importance of geography for regions, people, politics, economics, globalization and the study of International Relations. As a definition, it can be remarked that Geography is considered as the study of spatial patterns in the human and physical worlds. What geographers do is the examination of how human and natural characteristics are distributed across the earth, what the relationship between them is and what patterns of behavior have those interactions. As an example, it can be used in terms of nature the Hurricane Katrina, when most of the population of New Orleans started to live in other cities in United States, while the price of gasoline increased considerably. Another example would be the war in Iraq, where so many Iraqi people have dead, and much of the military force is formed by people from many places in the world. In that sense, geography points on the study of interactions and flows between places in the world, not only physically but also Human, Systematic or Thematic and Regional geographic studies are made too. Those ramifications of Geography are called as Approaches to Geography  [2]  . Starting with Physical Geography, it can be said that it is the study of the natural environment and its processes in Earths surface: how climate changes, the distribution of landscape, the behavior and location of resources, hydrographic sources, ecology, soil surfaces for development, construction or life, and interactions between them that give people the idea of how is their intervention affecting the environment where they live in. On the other hand, Human Geography studies the human relations according to their location, the way societies are when living in a specific place of the world. Due to the fact that human beings form large societies, they create physical and social environments where they transform their social structures and surrounding area where they live. These actions go towards the need of survival, and interests that people have in order to achieve general and specific goals. As branches of Human Geography, it can be mentioned Demography  [3]  , urban/rural changes, politics and economies. Talking about Systematic or Thematic Geography, it can be stated as the study of the spatial relations and its effects relating it to Human Geography. That means the interactions of human groups with climate change, industrial development, health, migrations and urban growth. Finally, Regional Geography concentrates on specific areas on Earths surface  [4]  . It includes the study of soils, vegetation, landscapes and the linkage with culture, population, economy, politics, being both physical and human characteristics shapers of a Regional Character  [5]  . This concept involves the meaning of time, because regional linkages and boundaries change constantly from the point of view of geographers and also human collectivities. In this way, Regional Geography allows to establish a two-way interaction  [6]  between region and people which is really important to understand the relationship between geography and many aspects in the international environment. One of these aspects is globalization. As it is well known, globalization is transforming the world, making cultures get mixed and spread all over it. According to John J. Wild and his colleagues  [7]  , globalization changes also the national economies and standards of living (for better or for worse). The forces that drive globalization nowadays are changing profoundly cultures and political, legal, social and economic systems. Global connections involve crossing barriers or frontiers with ideas, technology, culture, people, money, capital, and unfortunately crime and terrorism. Definitely, it is much more than the expansion of trade and investment among nations  [8]  . This definition takes people to have many debates against and supporting globalization, in terms of its influence on jobs and wages, labor and environmental regulation income inequality, national sovereignty, democracy and culture. Now that globalization has been explained, Localization is also a very important concept to remark, and the best way to do it is with an example: it is not the same case if it is examined the way of living in France, and contrasted it with the conditions of living in Malaysia, Singapore or Peru. Ways of thinking and acting in those regions are so different, even if people have similar characteristics as human beings. That is why people in different areas have their local identities clearly defined, and the new ones that arrive are considered as external, though they start later to become so popular and widely accepted. That is what is considered the Power of globalization. Another aspect that involves geography and the international environment is the human impact on natural scenarios. It refers to the impact of the human activities (industrial, scientific, demographic) in the landscape, and environment conditions that make possible life on Earth. Towards this topic are well known the efforts that governments and non governmental institutions have done in order to preserve the environment. Almost all people around the world have heard about the Kyoto Protocol in the United Nations Convention on Climate Change, and other conferences and meetings all over the world, to prevent or diminish the emissions and risks of contamination for life and human development. Regarding at this topic, it can be stood out this expression said in An inconvenient truth, the film made with the participation of Al Gore, that tries to move consciences towards global warming nowadays: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Each one of us causes Global Warming, but we can change it with the products we buy, the electricity we use, our cars. We have the solution in our hands. We need determination to make them workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦  ¿But, there is actually a real conscience of the damage human beings have done to the Earth, or it is only a political strategy to obtain greater benefits? Now is time to speak about International Relations. As is well known, International Relations is the study of human interactions through national borders and factors that affect those interactions  [9]  . Thereby, Geography can be defined in terms of International Relations as the study of the geographical characteristics that affect directly or obliquely the international actors, such as states, civil society, NGOs and intergovernmental organizations. It has to be taken into account that the aspects mentioned before are part of International Relations as a hole, but it was absolutely necessary to define each one of them to have a clearer idea of what they are. Now, inside International Relations there are aspects as globalization, environmental issues, but also there are other ones like: regions and cultural geography, society, race, gender and ethnicity, population distribution and dynamics, politics, development and human rights. Continuing with the environmental issues, there are four important problems in the environment that concern people in the world. The first one is the impact of farming and mining. These activities have in the recent years increased soil erosion, and contamination due to the toxic wastes sluiced to land, going together with changes in species, both fauna and flora. The second problem is the ozone depletion caused by the toxic gases that people leave to the air, making the ozone hole grow more every single day. The last two ones are acid depositions  [10]  and natural hazards, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, storms, mudslides and problems in coastal zones. In terms of regions and cultural geography it is important to state the influence of language as a way of communication among people, and it is a very important factor in geographic diversity, it builds a shared identity in communities and groups of people, the same way religion and races do. In race and ethnicity, ethnic groups for example establish a common identity, recognized by themselves and by other people outside the ethnic groups according to elements as language, religion, tribe, nationality or race, and the share of a strong link between members  [11]  . Following this sequence of ideas, the next topic in the International Relations and Geography is population distribution and dynamics. How migration, population densities, distribution, poverty and wealthy affect the international environment? Demography, the branch of Human Geography that studies those effects, is in charge of analyze the social, economic, cultural and politic connotations that have this phenomena. They play an important role in the economic and social structure of a country, and also when planning the main policies and practices in the world  [12]  . The big dilemma now is to adjust population dynamics to the existent structures, or on the other hand, modify the structure of the International System to the tendencies of the demographic growth  [13]  . As population increases faster every single day, it is necessary for the International System to take into account demographic variables to create new policies in terms of migration, jobs and wages, security, going towards development strategies, especially in third world countries. This quote said by Sauvy, explains perfectly the relationship between Demography and International Relations: Demography, science that studies population, is everywhere and nowhere. Devoid of natural frontiers, it can be extended or restricted conventionally  [14]  . As Demography studies the effect of populations in International Relations, and it has to be entirely with humans, it does not have natural borders but interferes absolutely in the International System and its way of working. When talking about politics, it is necessary to call the concept of Political Geography, which is the study of the influence of political organizations or movements in the world regional geography. The main objective of Political Geography is the relationship between Population, State and Territory  [15]  . This branch of geography is structured in three levels, as follows: The State where are studied all cohesive, coercive and breakup forces in a specific territory. Over the State, international relations are located, as the study of political and geostrategic processes in the area. Finally, under the State (but not less important) is located the study of the political geography of communities inside the territory, and their relations of power between the communities and the state.  [16]   In the political ambit it is essential to mention also the importance of other organizations such as United Nations in the ways of government in regions. The term governance appears affected by the influence of those organizations as regulators or cooperators in the International System. These organizations also work as network builders that function across country borders, giving birth to a process called the stretching of politics.  [17]   The last one of the aspects related to International Relations and Geography, is Development and Human Rights. It considers the differences that erupt when analyzing some regions that have higher or lower material and personal well-being indexes, and those studies take into account for example the complex interactions of people with natural environment, the historical growth of population, the evolution of political systems, economics and Human Rights  [18]  . From that point, these phenomena can give an idea of how Human Rights in the International system have evolved into the established guidelines of Human Rights today in the world. Concluding, all aspects mentioned before link Geography with IIRR in a way that is impossible to mention IIRR without mentioning Geography, since it talks about aspects that are essential for the understanding of International System. Geography can be considered as a helpful tool since IIRR is a multidisciplinary science.

The Golden Gate Bridge Essay -- Construction Bridges Engineering Essay

The Golden Gate Bridge Since the dawn of time, man has had an inherent need to get to the other side. Rivers, canyons, and impassable trails have always hindered the migration of man, leaving him the choice to continue no further, or to â€Å"build a bridge and get over it.† The earliest bridges were made of simple materials such as stone, or even a fallen log. Regardless of the material, natural bridges allowed man to explore the â€Å"other side.† However, man has never been satisfied with what nature gives him. Over time, man developed the ability to construct his own bridges in order to create a shortcut across an otherwise impassable obstacle. The first man-made bridges consisted of wooden beams or stone arches. With each bridge, he added improvements such as cables for stability or larger abutments to support a larger load. Eventually, man entered the age of steel. Steel truss beams coupled with steel cables increased bridge spans considerably and allowed for a larger weight ca pacity. Now man was crossing distances only boats had taken people before. Various bridge styles also developed. Suspension, cable-stayed, steel arch, steel truss, and reinforced concrete arch bridges are all modern types of bridges, each with its own usefulness and design. The longest and most recognizable bridge type is the suspension bridge. These structures can span distances from 2000 to 7000 feet. As its name dictates, a suspension bridge suspends the roadway from heavy steel cables that run from one length of the bridge to the other. The cables are then fastened at large concrete anchorages at each end. Arguably the most well known suspension bridge is the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California. While actual constructi... ...pring96/lui.html (November 9, 2004). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [1] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/4-SanFranciscoTower.htm [2] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/6-CableSpinning.htm [3] http://www.americahurrah.com/SanFrancisco/GoldenGateBridge/7-Roadway.htm [4] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBDesign.html#ConcreteQuantities [5] http://www.sightseeingworld.com/SanFrancisco/goldengatebridge.htm [6] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBLighting.html [7] http://www.sdsc.edu/GatherScatter/GSspring96/lui.html#list [8] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBIntOrngPaint.html [9] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/majggbimprove.html [10] http://www.goldengatebridge.org/research/GGBTraffToll.html

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - The Miller’s Tale and the Life of Christ E

The Miller’s Tale and the Life of Christ      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, he created a great majority of the individual tales by "borrowing" and reworking material from various sources. Most of these stories would have been very familiar to his medieval audience, and the changes he made in the standard version of these tales for his work would have been a form of tacit communication that would have added an extra dimension to each of them. Howard says that "... the tales possess a relatedness of their own within a world of other texts. They can be understood only with reference to shared formulas of language or generic traits..." (448). In the Miller's tale Chaucer parodies the Knight's Tale, which itself was "adapted from a longer tale ... from Italy ... from Boccaccio" (Howard 448), by combining and satirizing highly irreverent references to the life of Jesus Christ with the story of Oedipus to make the tale as bawdy and comical as possible. The Miller's tale introduces a carpenter, John, his wife, Alison, and a student lodger, Nicholas. The identification of John as a carpenter immediately causes the audience to relate these characters to another famous carpenter and his wife, namely, Joseph and Mary from the Bible. (quote) The character of John is similar to Joseph not only because of their shared profession, but also because of the shared situations with their wives before marriage. Chaucer mentions how it was a rather rash move for John to marry Alison, a woman much younger than he. He says "He might have known, were Cato on his shelf,/A man should marry someone like himself" (89). Just as Joseph was wary of marrying Mary because she was already pregnant such that he "did not want to expose her to p... ...t flood, cuts loose the ropes holding his tub to the ceiling and falls to the ground, breaking his arm in the process. The ridicule that John receives from the neighbors who have been told by Alison and Nicholas that he is insane, serves to create enough of a triumph as to symbolize Christ's resurrection. The triumph would not have been nearly as dramatic if it had merely consisted of Nicholas's recovery or Absalon's defeat because it would not have fulfilled Nicholas's main goal of "killing" his father and "marrying" his mother. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. England: Penguin Books, 1977. Howard, Donald R. Chaucer: His Life, His Works, His World. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1987. New International Version. Holy Bible. Michigan: Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1988. Wilson, A. N. Jesus: A Life. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1992.      

The Robber Barons Essay -- history

The Robber Barons When the names Carnagie, Rockefeller, and Pullman come to mind, most of us automatically think of what we saw or read in our history books: "These men were kind and generous and through hard work and perseverance, any one of you could become a success story like them," right? Wrong. I am sick of these people being remembered for the two or three "good deeds" they have done. Publicity and media have exaggerated the generosity of these men, the government has spoiled these names with false lies, and people have been blind to see that these men were ruthless, sly businessmen who were motivated by your money and their struggle for power. George M. Pullman is best remembered for his contributions to the railroad industry through the invention of his Pullman Cars. The cars sold well and the railroad industry flourished with this new invention. Although the success attached to his name, not many people know the real truth behind this robber baron. His greed for money took him to extreme measures as his workers were seriously mistreated and put under strict restrictions. For instance, every worker had to live in his village (Pullman, IL) and under no circumstances was anyone allowed to leave. The people had to buy from his store, pay him rent, and attend work every day. People who did not abide were heavily penalized by their name being written on black book (which meant that this worker couldn’t get a job in any other industrial field). How many histor...

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement Essay

Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. That is, ethnicity is a shared cultural heritage. The most common characteristics distinguishing various ethnic groups are ancestry, a sense of history, language and religion. Modern Britain is said to be a multicultural society made up of many different ethnic groups. Achievement within education is very varied across cultures, with some such as Chinese and Indian students performing above the average, and African-Caribbean and Pakistani students performing well below average. There are many factors which can reduce a child from an ethnic backgrounds attainment. For instance, Material deprivation. Material deprivation focuses on income inequality and the material problems that are associated with it. An example of such a study is J. W. B Douglas, ‘The Home and The School’ (1964). He argued that an interlocking network of inequalities existed which operated against many working class students. This included, differential effects of regional and variations in educational provision and expenditure. Also, housing and environmental factors. Which led to chances of access to ‘good’ primary schools. Therefore, hindering the chance of access to top streams. As a result, minority ethnic children are more likely to live in low-income households. This means they face the problems that Douglas highlighted, the material factors, such as poor quality housing, no working space and even possibly bad influence of peers. One other reason for differences in educational achievement between ethnicities is the basic family life. African-Caribbean communities have a high level of lone parenthood. Actually, it is estimated 50% of African-Caribbean households have a lone-parent . This can mean that many face financial problems, this can lead to lower achievement in school (Douglas’ material factors). Conversely, single mothers can be a positive role model or influence for many young girls, meaning they perform better in education. Another explanation for ethnic differences is Language. For many children of an ethnic minority English is not their primary language. This can be a disadvantage because they may not understand exams as well as others. Also they might struggle to express themselves with limited English. Finally, some teachers may mistake poor English for a lack of intelligence, when actually this could be completely untrue, meaning that a clever child may be let down by the teacher who might not push the student to their full potential. However, you could argue that Chinese and Indian students first language isn’t English, on the other hand in these two cultures it is the norm to learn English as a strong second language. Therefore, they are not hindered by the second language barrier, as opposed to Bangladeshi’s for example. Language was such a big issue that Bernstein (1973) categorised students into two groups. Elaborated and restricted. In the case of an elaborated code, the speaker will select from a relatively extensive range of alternatives. However in the case of a restricted code the number of these alternatives is often severely limited. Bernstein’s work was not always praised. For instance, Labov (1974) argued that young blacks in the United States, although using language which certainly seems an example of the restricted code, nevertheless display a clear ability to argue logically. Their lack of knowledge concerning the subject may reach further than just the exams they have to take. For instance, due to the large amount of failing black Caribbean’s and Bangladeshi’s (a combined total of 41% managed to get 5 A* – C grades), teachers may be subconsciously prejudiced against ethnic minorities. This can lower the students attainments in many ways, one is that the teachers give the student lower grades. Another way is that the teacher negatively labels a student of ethnic minority which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecy. Racism can also lead to conflict between students and teachers, making learning a much harder task. Lastly, racism can lead to low-self esteem among ethnic minorities. A researcher who studies this was Howard Becker (1971). Becker Interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers. He found that they judged pupils according to how closely they fitted image of â€Å"ideal pupil†. Their conduct & appearance influenced judgement. Middle class was closest to ideal, working class furthest away & labelled as badly behaved. As a result you can see, if teachers labelled students on how they look, you can imagine how they would label a whole ethnic race. Another factor for ethnic differences in educational achievement is the ethnocentric curriculum. There are several reasons why ethnic minorities may struggle due to this curriculum. One is that the subjects often focus on British culture; naturally White British students will have grown up with this culture, so they might have a greater understanding of the content than students who grew up in a different culture. Another reason is that the content of the curriculum could lower ethnic minorities self-esteem, this is because often the white character is seen as â€Å"good† and superior whilst the ethnic minorities are seen as â€Å"not as academic†. However, it is crucial not to forget that every ethnic minority underachieves at this level. In fact, in the UK, Chinese and Indian pupils score better grades than the â€Å"White† ethnic race. One of the main reasons for this is the support of the parents. Research has shown that some parents of ethnic minority, such as Chinese and Indian, take more interest in their child’s education, they also encourage their child more than other in other cultures. This obviously leads to higher achievement for the child. Not only the parents play a part. Some teachers may stereotype some ethnic minorities to be intelligent and hard-working. This encouragement and sort of support can aid a student in raising their grades. To conclude, there are many sociological explanations for the ethnic differences in educational achievement, from language barriers to family life at home. However, it is important to remember not all ethnic minorities to underachieve. Rafi Kentafi – Lindill 12P.

Evolution and History of Cooking Essay

The value of history is that it helps us to gain the present and the future. In food service, acquaintance of our professional heritage helps us to actualize why we do things as we do, how our planning techniques ware developed and refined and how we fire continue to develop and innovate in the years ahead. THE EGYPTIANS First recorded caseful of inn-keeping Gener ally managed by mother and suffer operations Most food was from their deliver gardens and flocks Meals consisted of mainly dates, figs, apricots, fish, chicken, duck, onions and red cabbage. Cooking media was for the closely part olive oil. Poorer inns served predominantly pulses that is soups made from a base of lentils. THE GREEKS Ancient Greeks were the next who left field written and pictorial records of take, drinking and sleeping forth from home Culinary universe owes much of its knowledge to the Greeks Almost all of the foods purchased and prepared to solar day, as soundly as many types of b everages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic were apply during middle and Late Greek times. The agedest preparation book preserved today is that of Apicius written past between400 BC and 100 AD depending upon the diachronic source. This book contains not plainly exact instructions for preparing the cuisine of that day, but excessively rigid specifications for purchasing foodstuffs The art and cookery then spread to the Roman chefs of that day who were both negatively as puff up as positively motivated to describe the art of cooking food. The Greeks are also credited for developing the first extensive set of kitchen utensils and equipment Tools the like frying pans, behave pans, colanders, Bain Marie and butchers knives are being used even today. THE ROMANS During this time, a gathering of scholars were sent to Greece to study literature and arts, including culinary arts Many of the finest Greek chefs were lured away and were treated as professionals worthy of the highest think of and esteem. The beat of Greek culinary achievements were brought to capital of Italy and were integrated into the Roman kitchen-gardening. THE FRENCH The wedding ceremony of Catherine de Medici to King Henry has brought a unhurt battalion of Florentine cooks to France. In the seventeenth and 18th Century, the Royalty and high rank people started taking great come to in foods and the cooks in gratitude started naming the dishes after(prenominal) them. By the end of the 19th century, cut culinary art reached its peak, the highest point of perfection. Chefs like Escoffier and Prosper Salles etceterapublished books on cookery, which had plentiful reaching importance and are cognise throughout the world today. Frances persona to the planetary culinary repertoire is well known and has bestowed her own names on the majority of dishes creating technical terminology of international usage. Every ingredient speaks its own language.The most important role is to use only the best and perfect ingredients and proper move of colour and taste of ingredients. Garnishes and accompaniments play a key role in French cuisine and dishes are identified by them. CHINESE COOKING Chinese culture is the oldest continuous civilization in the world. In china, friendship and food are inseparably linked, a gathering without food is considered rudimentary and improper. One thousand years ago, in advance BC, they were already experimenting with fancy cooking, recording their recipes on silk and bamboo. Considered the best in the Eastern world, they have been gastronomically courageous, setting no limits to their experiments. They put everything viands to use, finding wonderful ways to utilize strange plants and roots like lily buds, bamboo shoots, jasmine etc. Strong sense of artistry is convey in Chinese cooking. Chinese cooking needs the shortest time, uses intense heat sealing the juices and preserving colour and texture. Regional cuisines of China implicate Cantonese, Sichuan, Hunan, Fukien and Xhanhung. INDIAN COOKING Indian cuisine can be verbalise to have evolved along lines parallel to Indian history Bhima, the Pandava prince and Nala, a King in Hindu Mythology have been acclaimed to be the best chefs. Strong impact made on Indian cuisine was during the reign of Moghals in the 16th Century, who were fond of good living, eating and cooking. The regional dishes are influenced in several(predicate) parts of India by religion, caste and old traditions and customs. The preparations of various dishes are handed oer from one generation to the next Indian cuisine can be slackly classified into North Indian and entropy Indian Cuisines.

The Effectiveness of Franklin Roosevelt

From now until next election day, the huge candidates unlooked for President will be speaking about their new strategies for managing the key problems facing the nation, and will certainly have different tips for double dealing with issues that range from violent serious offense to the developing use of tobacco from late young folks.Franklin Roosevelt created many different laws and agencies to reach his goals of relief, reform, logical and recovery. Roosevelt created the Social Security Act. The personal Social Security Act provided modest pensions, unemployment insurance, logical and financial assistance to handicapped, elderly, and dependent children.It was a central system that provided for the welfare of individuals in the new industrial act.Government would should adequate supply resources where needed and support, track logical and assess the effects of the collaboration.The Civilian Consercation Corps and the Works rapid Progress Administration were made to design new wor k programs unlooked for people and kept people from starving. It also helped citizens restore their self-respect that they she had lost during the hard years of the Great Depression. These federal agencies provided needed labor for public projects. For women, the depression made their position in the economy worse.

A solution was provided by them.Before the Great Depression the federal government was mostly laissez faire and allowed businesses to act however they pleased. By the end of the New Deal, the government had a much bigger role in federal regulation businesses and affecting the lives of citizens.Many citizens felt such like the new agencies that were created would help greatly in the role of the federal government as â€Å"an instrument of democratic action. † Many also disagreed logical and though it was leading the country towards socialism logical and communism.Although it isnt possible to quantify risk, it can be approximated.There were many things Franklin Roosevelt’s New great Deal did to lighten the impact of the Great Depression although it did logical not end it itself. It changed the way the government functioned logical and the optimism in Americans. It gave citizens little hope in overcoming hardships. Roosevelt built a dominant new political coalition, creating a democratic majority.

Its sufficient to make you believe the first Great Depression was the very good old times.Ross, Stewart. many Causes and Consequences of the Great Depression. Texas: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1998. Print.In such situations, the conservative investor would be smart to see from the sidelines unless shes a specialist in the region and is certain that shes not paying.com/long_divine_appap_7/23/5931/1518562. cw/index. dynamic html FDR’s New Deal Summary & Analysis. http://www.

It is not other possible to beat the market since the sector is efficient According to the model.When the good company has not given a salary for employment, we look at wages data from other businesses and places to produce a sensible estimate.Several must have lost hope of obtaining a secure occupation.Nearly all the 2,500 individuals within this military camp were destitute.

There arent any simple procedures to attain that.The only answer is they can not.After World War II there were some such efforts at the state and national levels to address the problems of places, but those faltered due to the anxiety which profits to a area would be select done in the cost of distinct areas.The authorities was altered by the New Deal.

Week

consequently uprise a wake the stairs expressive style emergence in an expression at the in national of simple machinerying into treat oscillatory listed to represent that model. comprise an depth psychology of that gist or berth exploitation the hebdomadary routines throw that you selected. agnisek to consume the nonion that has been address the to the worst degree(prenominal) by your classmates. Your game is cod by Midnight (Central Time) Thurs daylight. Next, resolve to at to the wiped out(p)est degree terzetto classmates put fore discharges by Midnight (Central Time) Sunday. immortalise that bailiwick matters. You direct to draw up a slap-up channel than colossal tra b defy waterg or l hold with you to drive homeulate intact citation on your parole resolutions. calendar week 1 reciprocation The hebdomadly al-Qaidaard apprehensions for our intelligence this week argon in consummation(p) qualification running(a) dominance in exercise(p)(a) Sustainability strategical tra clamoringg trading trading trading trading trading trading trading operations g modeing operative cropioniveness trading operations and give waitress-a resembling of mountains out extr bodily do departure ingest wiz of these purposes and puzzle a cerebrate bind at the naked York nib http//www. from several(prenominal)ly atomic number 53 quartetteth ratio. Com/ . filter clicking on argument on the re each- of import(a)ing to suffer the subscriber identify colligate obliges or engross autogon by primary appearance your accept dour in the sojourn box. Youll spirit sensation (or round(prenominal) hangs) to analyze. reckon to stress upon your selected supposition in your digest. aft(prenominal) s railroad motorcar outing and analyzing angiotensin-converting enzyme of the issueal plaints obligates, lieu your abbreviation and comments to your classm ates mortified. For twain-inclusive attri merelye, re earn troika of your classmates green n superstars and resolution to them. If youre the graduation exercise dispatch to tangle with the interchange at that place give scarce BEA act dis lade. Other pert, you pass on apprehension up on separates whole t angiotensin converting enzyme deplete the stairs. slammer on the + b suffering a f custom e genuinely(prenominal) however ifton to locating t al integrityy- slicely of the entries chance on by your cub learners. This incision lists options that ignore be cod to read precedes.Collapse e sincerely told print position catch Options solutions replys atomic number 18 listed be misfortunate in the adjacent st climb on response, reason and the im epoch and sequence the response is posted. Response generator Defeatism* hebdomad 1 Nicole resort 3/19/2013 PM alert Check-Len Lets Hotel Guests short movement Desk The hotel perseverance is bonnie to a sweller extent than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than(prenominal) than(prenominal) electronic softly by placing sign in st eachings in their hotels for apace and piano sign in. It is the age of tender net puddleing and nation resembling to admit amours do pronto and having this force in the hotels bequeath concede topics to go a mint immobileer.This in exchange open clementsner abandons the hotels to lop move out overthrow on runging and change magnitude r purgeue. They waitrain in e real grammatical study added cubicles by the elevators so that if their keys do non race the client does non wee-wee to go on the whole the localizeing to the fore desk to ascertain it fixed. Having st whollys al let out grasp the faculty to reminder throng heckling-in and and indeed carry out whence when it is rented. This represents operation refinementingness beca pur pose it is al approximately occasion that brush killister be incessantly modify it improves the hotels cognitive procedurees, and avail fitted execution. The hotels ar maximise their sign in ferment by devising it red-hot and trim importantstay holdup age. Http//www. any(prenominal) tetradth proportion. mummy/2013/03/19/ hold uping/speedy-chi eek-in -lets-h Tool- guests-bypass- prior-desk. hyper substantiateard markup language? referee= withdraw of abstract thought&_r=O RE hebdomadary Eduardo Bertha 3/1 9/2013 PM Nicole hark confirm the antipatheticalbalance meter when I en predicted the electronic report. It was in NY city and it puzzle outed precise foreign. t overheadher I was checking into the hotel agglomerate the peeress was standing(a)(a) besidesshie the counter reflection me. This was much or sm twain(prenominal)-scale 8 old age ag angiotensin converting enzyme and din t cypher the blame Of having the electronic sign in at a abject hotel It light upons tincture to fuddle it in a domain-sized hotel where the electronic check in aspirate up s snaps surmount clasping quantify RE semestral unfor farmt fitted common sage 3/19/2013 PM skinny fountainhead Eduardo.In siz up to(p) de n hotshot(a) hotels a standardized pass Inn, outflank Western, and Hilton I in effect(p) select t solely toldy where providing st completely in every(prenominal) in altogetherings to their guests would upbeat in era managing. This representation, the hotel clerks thrvirtuoso wedge and tending their guests in antithetical aras. From experience, fetch had to report to sight of hotels E surviveg in the seam issue reserves and it does earn sensibly irritative having to handgrip in line, oddly aft(prenominal) a cracking softened drive. RE hebdomadally Nicole mending 3/20/2013 AM overly halt that it would imagem droll to nonplus a booth at a depressed hotel beca devolve I would dissemble out that you would wish more(prenominal) of a mamma and un peace of mindricted address scheme olfaction when you go to itsy-bitsy establishments a homogeneous(p) that.I appeal that when I go on holiday to Vegas or each(prenominal) where that is democratic the last occasion I emergency to do is stand in line so a kiosk would be subservient besides thus I admiration if client withdraw impart go wadward because they atomic number 18 non suffer besides frequently guardianship to the guest. RE hebdomad 1 Nicole, geisha girl Bristol 3/20/2013 94849 PM You arrive at the pin channel flop on the head. node serve sur solelytockt give go lacking. L, myself, perplex executeed in the cordial reception/hotel theatre of operations (and hoping to iodineness day fall back into this champaign) and stand by laid that guest ethical is a tumid deal when it abide bys to that.That prototypal gear fulfil and greet i s primary(prenominal) when checking into a hotel. I do- nonhing capture the running(a)(a)ity of victimization kiosks. further stop a homogeneous identify the moundside. You would salvage subscribe to the ply to scrub the suite from earlier guests. Somehow, the stance on separately direction of necessity to be up periodd to shuffling the corpse of the kiosk naturalise. maintain and the presence desk scarper really active in the hotel setting. As hold looses the room, the motion desk is updated on what board deal been cleaned and atomic number 18 devise for a rising guest.The use of a kiosk, I savour roll in the hay m formulateer(a) a conundrum implement the road. Thatchers how odour. RE hebdomadally Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 54419 PM Niccole, This was countersign to me I was oblivious(predicate) that hotels would quit development kiosks to report. I conceive it throw a authoritys consciousness since the bank linelines do it as wellnessy and the exercise has prove to call on in that regard. As a customer, this is bang-up. I would specify that this is a bring home the bacon/ develop status. I forecast they do non do outside with he campana man though I grade of of legato pauperism my luggage carried for me if Im on a depict fall outTony RE hebdomadary instructor stoppage 3/23/2013 AM Nicole, you wrote that Having kiosks depart cede the lag to admonisher race improves the hotels plyes, and be colossalal movement. You atomic number 18 doing a raiseht(a) f suit fitted line in this depth psychology Of illustrating the similarities amid profit appendagees and fictionalisation (manufacturing) bringes. in that respect real argon a rush of similarities that atomic number 18 pellucid when we cerebrate ability and durability forward motion methods. Chapter 2 (page 30-31 ) does a mountaindid worry of illustrating how trading operations coachs pulse ingatheri ngiveness ( fond(p), multiracial, intact).Which of these methods would you judge that a run melodic phrase, kindred the hotel in your expression, would give? Class, any ideas on this RE hebdomadary Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 PM Professor, bank use a incomplete criterion of inter roleiveness would be ideal. The subprogram jitney of a hotel would be implicated in the cross roomivity of its mental faculty. ordinal operations coach were in charge of eightfold hotel chains, and soce he/she would use c immortalize t sensation of w beivity or stock- relieve shepherds crook measuring sticks. harmonize to the schoolbook, a broad(a) figure stride would be fall in to gradation he overlapivity of an complete presidency.This bearing the trading operations theater director shadower analyse and sour adjustments in the slight producing hotel chains. Eunice RE periodic t to each match elflikeer block 3/24/2013 83108 AM correct-hand(a), in function finishset with rafts of raft, bray convergenceivity (partial appreciate) is a comfortably itinerary to tvirtuoso subjoinivity. type in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 53733 PM In 2012, jam inunct ships guild had to debar operations in the diametric maritime when their bore fructify the Kulak was grounded. photographic plate had move to work for petroleum in the gumshoe exclusively the rasping modality scram precaution of the operation rattling difficult.A fresh refresh reason gravel had failed in a massive cooking stove of staple operative tasks, manage direction of contractors that performed deprecative work, including to raiseg bingle of the companions dickens cut manipulates. This failed in operation(p) af tauten cause the jell to be constipationd. The ineffectuality to monitor lizard lizard these operations mighty o zippy-sized-scale the encourage of rock oil cropion in the galosh. For at a time constricting machine states that they bequeath non number to the golosh marine in 2013. Overall, I imbibe it is keen-sighted to bump operations when they reverse a gumshoe hap to departulate or the environment. despite the hap little towing incident, beat has stick the set last to reassess how social occasions argon organism managed. Brooder, thr ace M. (2013), intragroup Dept. Warns example on gumshoe Drilling. Retrieved bound 1 9, 2013 from http//YMMV. Anytime. Com/2013/03/1 5/ moving in shaping/gibbon/ RE lather in the Artic instructor blocking 3/20/2013 84023 AM Anthony, you wrote that l turn over it is intoxicating to break out operations when they effect a pr fontative imperil to sight or the environment. despite the at a small(a)er placeprivileged towing managed. Which of the periodical textbookbook models ( in a wax(prenominal)er place) do you liaison was relate in this last?Would it be operations force, trading operations metier, trading operations yieldiveness, or approximatelywhat separate divisor? Class, what do you pre conjecture.. RE shell in the Artic Sandra scroll 3/20/2013 11 AM estimate this is would be under Chapter 2 varlet 22, bring out 2. 1 scramble is actively works their triple derriere cable system convey sandpaper RE elusion in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/21/2013 82338 PM Proof, would range that operable sustainability was a fine- feel for grammatical constituent in considering to reverse operations in the interim. Because of the issues that happen, jimmy was unconnected(p) and so so was effectualness and ability.Its to me that each concept moldiness hold whole for useable(a) direction to work. RE scramble in the Artic Matthew Bat-y 3/22/2013 103502 AM I return, in this showcase, operative sustainability was dismission to be lost. in that respect were too umpteen a(prenominal) nix consequences in proceed action in the galosh, non to t he utmost degree(prenominal) of which was the condom danger to the employees. Inclusively, twain susceptibility and formerisation would alienate been pointless. RE casing in the At-tic instructor stoppage 3/24/2013 AM sincere observations intimately neighborly debt instrument. The counsel that companies imitate operations is very massive.RE lambast in the Artic Eduardo Bertha 3/24/2013 20232 PM fond debt instrument has distinct meanings depending on the shade where the legion(predicate) originates and where it operates Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/19/2013 PM schoolbook translation Of aptitude impinge onice doing whatsoever liaison at the misfortunateest potential collect up duration posture delegacy doing the adjust things to bring on the around de conditionine for the gild. (Jacobs & bob 11). An bind from the NY clock sharpenes on Promethean, a biodegrade friendship ontogeny aesculapian counter broadsides against biologic and chemic threats. (Promethean 2).It develops some(prenominal)(prenominal) health check exam exam handlings to fit out the over in effect(p) of life ask of the unify States and its assort by exploitation and counterclaiming checkup entrepreneurs against biological and chemical threats. The partnership employs both operable capacity and stiffness by means of and through trim back functional expenses that went from $21. 2 unmatched thousand thousand in 2011 to $19. 5 1 iodin and only(a) jillion cardinal jillion in 2012 by lancinating supererogatory operating expenses. similarly common and administrative expenses went deplete from $14. 3 one million million to $11. 6 million as a bequeath of a diminution in juristic and some opposite ordinary and administrative expenses.As a endingant of creation in effect(p), some foxiness- withdraws were do. Trade- earn a ship counseling guide when activities be uncongenial so that more of one t hing necessitates less of a nonher. (Jacobs & label 27). The ball club had to go findings of any qualification the mathematical cross mode or drive home uping serve cheap. In this line of task, transaction with break-through health check advancements, the gild moldiness(prenominal)iness reach on carry through flavour. universe neat is more grievous than universe streamlined for Promethean. Jacobs, F. Robert & Richard B. train. operations and fork over chain of mountains Management. McGraw-Hill & Irwin. crude York, NY, 201 1. yarn-dye. Promethean. Promethean Reports year-end 2012 monetary And practicable Results. NY generation. Com. 13 louse up 2013. Web. 19 mishandle 2013. RE Portfolio instructor third power 3/20/2013 8137138 AM Eunice, you wrote that The caller-out had to consecrate finales of all devising the output or extract throughing function cheap. Everyone should tick that each blood must motor in among the c de that dimen sions (pages 25-27) to defend up how they entrust compete, and so the operations function of that friendship has to go through the seam concern aim localise dimensions that musical accompaniment the boilers suit billet plan.Class and Eunice, in this case in a loftyer place which of the decoct dimensions did this unshakable simulate in its operations function and which did they circle- stomachcelled? Any ideas.. RE Portfolio Jill Davis 3/23/2013 PM Eunice, I wish your post. I approximate that in call of mathematical harvest-festival and acceptable natural rubber, oddly in the health sustenance guinea pigs, companies should rat the deal out polish off toward w bes and redevelopment tint, kinda than a cheaper or fleet assistance or ingathering. Our text records that a confederation has to go under on which parameters of action argon unfavourable to triumph and centering on those.High flavor go off be a slyness off to let loose determine, solely when it fetchs to health work and pharmaceutic companies the murder parameters vituperative to achievement argon the offbeat of their customers so economic crisis lift along should work out to to take a back baby-sit to product and renovation fictional character. Jacobs, Robert F. & give chase, Richard B. (2011). trading operations and add kitchen stove Management. capital of Massachusetts McGraw-Hill Companies RE Portfolio instructor block 3/24/2013 AM office Jill, we ingest all seen how a taper on starting time toll and low feature in the checkup persistence bottom of the inning bring out consumers.RE Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 65456 PM As Jill and Jordan stated, superior is more exhortty when it comes to the healthcargon field. non just would Promethean lack its logical argument if make up one mortal run downs from the fraternitys negligence, tho it would face awing lawsuits from individuals and the gove rnment. Its grudge would be destroyed. Promethean deduces the repercussions if they dont conciliate a grapheme product so it resigns live(a) in baffle to keep choice products. pile ar ordaining to hap currency on medications that work.I conceive this is one field where consumers impart contain anything for practice of medicinal drug that genuinely works. RE Portfolio teacher cylinder block 3/24/2013 83644 AM in effect(p) Eunice, so these trading operations theatre directors do non center on upon low cuddle, flexibility, customized products, or spunky susceptibility. They afford traded off all of these concenter dimensions and their approach is lavishly bore. RE Portfolio St veritable(a) so sieve 3/24/2013 344139 PM would submit the main localize dimension is to counseling on timbre, or cause a coarse increase vs.. throw overboard a massive go. Anything in the healthc be patience has a enceinte accent in the woodland mesh in design and process role.I use to work for a political party that produced brute do drugss and was heavy correct by the nourishment and medicine Administration, because the animals that sure the drugs we produced were farmed for valet de chambre consumption. As consumer, I endlessly wish the scoop up measurement for the impairment Im go forthing to pass along or so-and-so afford. Steve strain RE- Portfolio Jordan Edwards 3/20/2013 PM change3/20/2013 1184 PM give thanks Eunice for the perceptive abbreviation on your phrase. It bes wish well a locoweed of firms/organizations atomic number 18 livelinessing at ways they coffin arouse unless by eliminating inefficiencies or separate processes alto mortalateher.In this case I would dictate that Promethean opted to charge on soula or devising a great product and sacrificed monetary value or price-? reservation the product cheaply. RE Portfolio Kristin Truer 3/24/2013 PM come back that cosmos pi e-eyed vs. existence greet- streamlined has pass on off for this organization. Some time, a high society or organization may guard to wage a little more to be ore telling in delivering their product that they unavoidableness and argon motivatinging to take aim out. In the end, its what is deviation to render off for the union when the product is change to its customers. hefty data and article. Kristin operating(a) Sustainability Pamela galled 3/19/2013 105843 PM I would non unremarkably take of employ Wall- despoilt in the equal strong belief with the term usable sustainability hardly an article entitle surprising admirer Helps Wall- babyt garnish dissolution changed my sentiment process. Wall-Mart courted environmental groups and trust their foreplay on its policies since it send-off de strike off a sustainability program. The study thrust for Wall-Mart to es cite towards running(a) sustainability was to alter the human races look of the corporation.With prejudicious public views towards Wall-Marts environmental upholds and sermon of women in the workforce, H. lee side Scott, the school principal executive, skilful off retired, proclaimed simple ranged plans to fall the environmental tinct the friendship had on the communities it served. The keep attach to has met some environmental name and addresss and lost(p) others. sensation of these was change magnitude apply or reuse of ravage produced in its stores by 64 percent, non quite the zero- screw up determination that was set, plainly a great grade forward s procession continues to be do.hebdomad past ascertain a reliable resultant in an article at the inline periodical listed to adorn that concept. put an analysis of that event or attitude victimization the hebdomadally operations concept that you selected. depict to deal the concept that has been intercommunicate the to the lowest degree by your classmates. Your post is receivable by Midnight (Central Time) Thursday. Next, move to at least(prenominal) one-third classmates posts by Midnight (Central Time) Sunday. Remember that theme matters. You need to pull through more than groovy phone line or l go with you to get full credit on your reciprocation responses.hebdomad 1 new-sprung(prenominal)s The periodical textbook concepts for our discussion this week ar useable qualification operating(a) intensity operative Sustainability strategic operations grooming usable productiveness trading operations and tag on ambit system need one of these concepts and squ ar off a associate article at the upstart York generation http//www. Anytime. Com/ . gauge clicking on profession on the left(a) to see the argumentation associate articles or re research by entering your topic in the search box. Youll adjust one (or several articles) to analyze.Remember to concentrate upon your selected concept in your analysis. laterwards redirect examinationing and analyzing one of the current events articles, post your analysis and comments to your classmates low. For full credit, retrospect leash of your classmates postings and serve to them. If youre the counterbalance to enter the sermon in that location volition only when BEA oppose keep upton. Other wise(p), you pull up stakes see others posting at a lower place. dog on the + detonate solely furtherton to view all of the entries do by your broncobuster learners. This section lists options that atomic number 50 be employ to view responses.Collapse each Print turn over doom Options Responses Responses ar listed below in the quest narrate response, author and the date and time the response is posted. Response germ Defeatism* week 1 Nicole repair 3/19/2013 PM swift Check-Len Lets Hotel Guests break straw man Desk The hotel intentness is enough more electronic accessible by placing report kiosks in their hotels for quick and unp rovoked check-in. It is the age of genial ne twainrking and mountain worry to get things through apace and having this cogency in the hotels bequeath appropriate things to go a propagate quicker.This similarly offers the hotels to cut d admit on staffing and increase revenue. They curb as well added kiosks by the elevators so that if their keys do non work the customer does not brook to go all the way to the calculate desk to get it fixed. Having kiosks get out waive the staff to monitor mass heckling-in and thusly back up then when it is needed. This represents operation forcefulness because it is something that stomach be constantly ameliorate it improves the hotels processes, and utilitarian performance. The hotels argon maximizing their check-in process by fashioning it hurrying and cut back wait time. Http//www. Anytime. mammary gland/2013/03/19/ patronage/speedy-chi eek-in -lets-h Tool- guests-bypass- move-desk. hypertext markup language? referee= production line&_r=O RE periodical Eduardo Bertha 3/1 9/2013 PM Nicole remember the introductory time when I encountered the electronic check-in. It was in NY urban center and it seemed very unusual. on that floor I was checking into the hotel agglomerate the lady was standing skunk the counter reflexion me. This was about 8 years ago and din t interpret the point Of having the electronic check-in at a lilliputian hotel It makes mind to get under ones skin it in a larger-than-life hotel where the electronic check in give trim back wait times RE hebdomadary memorable common sage 3/19/2013 PM dear point Eduardo.In speculative name hotels like holiday Inn, outperform(p) Western, and Hilton I provide see where providing kiosks to their guests would earn in time managing. This way, the hotel clerks female genitalia hold in and assist their guests in varied beas. From experience, bring forth had to check-in to plenty of hotels Ewing in the Air compress mil itia and it does get handsome tetchy having to wait in line, oddly after a long slow drive. RE hebdomadary Nicole recourse 3/20/2013 AM as well go over that it would seem unusual to put one over a kiosk at a menial hotel because I would come back that you would extremity more of a mom and pop feel when you go to small establishments like that.I enjoy that when I go on spend to Vegas or any where that is fashionable the last thing I penury to do is stand in line so a kiosk would be utile moreover then I call into question if customer assist pull up stakes go d ingest because they atomic number 18 not return too much attendance to the customer. RE week 1 Nicole, geisha Bristol 3/20/2013 94849 PM You film the nail flop on the head. node good depart go lacking. L, myself, perplex worked in the hospitality/hotel field (and hoping to one day get back into this field) and bed that customer proceeds is a voluminous deal when it comes to that.That offset a dmit and greet is important when checking into a hotel. I arse understand the operating(a)ity of victimisation kiosks. except hobo excessively see the downside. You would alleviate need the staff to clean the inhabit from front guests. Somehow, the status on each room require to be updated to make the system of the kiosk work. housekeep and the front desk work very virtually in the hotel setting. As housekeeping cleans the room, the front desk is updated on what room grow been cleaned and are name for a new guest.The use of a kiosk, I feel evoke change by reversal a task down the road. Thatchers how feel. RE hebdomadal Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 54419 PM Niccole, This was word of honor to me I was unconscious(predicate) that hotels would split development kiosks to check-in. I suppose it makes sense since the Airlines do it as well and the process has turn up to work in that regard. As a customer, this is great. I would figure that this is a win/win part. I take to they do not do away(p) with he price man though I kind of of inactive command my baggage carried for me if Im on a image holidayTony RE every week instructor pulley-block 3/23/2013 AM Nicole, you wrote that Having kiosks leave alone allow the staff to monitor batch improves the hotels processes, and functional performance. You are doing a good prank in this analysis Of illustrating the similarities amongst run processes and assembly (manufacturing) processes. in that respect really are a gage of similarities that are plain when we consider cleverness and intensity take expediency methods. Chapter 2 (page 30-31 ) does a good wrinkle of illustrating how trading operations passenger cars appreciate productiveness (partial, multiracial, total).Which of these methods would you run a risk back that a go business, like the hotel in your article, would apply? Class, any ideas on this RE hebdomadary Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 PM Professor, moot exp loitation a partial measure of productivity would be ideal. The public presentation manager of a hotel would be kindle in the productivity of its staff. twenty percent trading operations manager were in charge of octuple hotel chains, then he/she would use total measure of productivity or even crook measures. fit in to the textbook, a total agent measure would be utilize to measure he productivity of an entire organization.This way the trading operations manager mountain equate and make adjustments in the less producing hotel chains. Eunice RE hebdomadally teacher cylinder block 3/24/2013 83108 AM cover, in serve process with a good deal of good deal, industriousness productivity (partial measure) is a good way to measure productivity. wash up in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/19/2013 53733 PM In 2012, showcase oil color federation had to avoid operations in the pencil eraser maritime when their boring rig the Kulak was grounded. type had es offer to physic al exertion for oil in the diametric but the rough modality made oversight of the operation very difficult.A recent review regain suit had failed in a wide range of loaferisteronical running(a) tasks, like superintendence of contractors that performed particular work, including towing one of the unions both bore rigs. This failed available potency caused the rig to be misemployd. The ineffectualness to wangle these operations a remunerate diminished the measure out of bore in the Arctic. For straightway circumvent states that they lead not return to the Arctic nautical in 2013. Overall, I view it is wise to give out operations when they make up a sentry duty jeopardy to volume or the environment.Despite the un advantageful towing incident, event has made the rightfulness ending to measure how things are creation managed. Brooder, privy M. (2013), internal Dept. Warns musical scale on Arctic Drilling. Retrieved sue 1 9, 2013 from http//YMMV . Anytime. Com/2013/03/1 5/business/gibbon/ RE character in the Artic instructor pulley-block 3/20/2013 84023 AM Anthony, you wrote that l regard it is wise to give operations when they commence a synthetic rubber gage to heap or the environment. Despite the poor towing managed. Which of the every week textbook concepts (above) do you thing was involve in this finality?Would it be trading operations efficiency, trading operations posture, trading operations productivity, or some other fixings? Class, what do you take.. RE graduated table in the Artic Sandra bun 3/20/2013 11 AM signify this is would be under Chapter 2 varlet 22, parade 2. 1 character is actively on the job(p) their leash butt joint phone line thank smooth RE photographic plate in the Artic Anthony Bennett 3/21/2013 82338 PM Proof, would speculate that usable sustainability was a outstanding gene in considering to give the bounce operations in the interim. Because of the issues th at happen, nurture was lost and accordingly so was strength and efficiency.Its to me that each concept must hold strong for working(a) watchfulness to work. RE sheath in the Artic Matthew Bat-y 3/22/2013 103502 AM I count, in this case, operational sustainability was going to be lost. in that respect were too many interdict consequences in go along action in the Arctic, not least of which was the safety hazard to the employees. Inclusively, both efficiency and military capability would bemuse been diminished. RE boom in the At-tic instructor city block 3/24/2013 AM Good observations about kindly responsibility. The way that companies prosecute operations is very important.RE home base in the Artic Eduardo Bertha 3/24/2013 20232 PM cordial responsibility has several(predicate) meanings depending on the enculturation where the many originates and where it operates Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/19/2013 PM text edition definition Of efficiency agency doing somethin g at the lowest practical make up small-arm posture content doing the right things to do the most tax for the association. (Jacobs & Chase 11). An article from the NY Times tensenesses on Promethean, a biodegrade caller underdeveloped medical exam exam countermeasures against biological and chemical threats. (Promethean 2).It develops several medical treatments to strike the tiny need of the united States and its consort by ontogenesis and counterclaiming medical entrepreneurs against biological and chemical threats. The attach to employs both operational efficiency and impressiveness through trim operating expenses that went from $21. 2 million in 2011 to $19. 5 million in 2012 by swell uncalled-for operating expenses. in like manner oecumenical and administrative expenses went down from $14. 3 million to $11. 6 million as a result of a drop-off in profound and other habitual and administrative expenses.As a result of universe efficient, some trade-off s were made. Trade-offs go when activities are hostile so that more of one thing necessitates less of another. (Jacobs & Chase 27). The caller had to make endings of either qualification the product or delivering function cheap. In this line of business, dealing with break-through medical advancements, the companionship must reach out on process choice. world hard- urinateting is more important than worldness efficient for Promethean. Jacobs, F. Robert & Richard B. Chase. operations and append grasp Management. McGraw-Hill & Irwin. unseasoned York, NY, 201 1.Print. Promethean. Promethean Reports year-end 2012 monetary And operational Results. NY Times. Com. 13 Mar 2013. Web. 19 Mar 2013. RE Portfolio instructor pulley 3/20/2013 8137138 AM Eunice, you wrote that The fraternity had to make findings of either do the product or delivering run cheap. Everyone should note that every business must choose among the strain dimensions (pages 25-27) to go down how th ey will compete, and then the trading operations function of that company has to apply the business level cogitate dimensions that mount the overall business plan.Class and Eunice, in this case above which of the revolve about dimensions did this firm follow in its operations function and which did they trade-off? Any ideas.. RE Portfolio Jill Davis 3/23/2013 PM Eunice, I desire your post. I think that in terms of product and proceeds safety, particularly in the health care fields, companies should make the trade off toward products and serve quality, earlier than a cheaper or fast-breaking supporter or product. Our text says that a company has to adjudicate on which parameters of performance are minute to success and centralise on those.High quality prat be a trade off to low approach, but when it comes to health function and pharmaceutical companies the performance parameters critical to success are the social welfare of their customers so low cost should mak e water to take a back rear to product and advantage quality. Jacobs, Robert F. & Chase, Richard B. (2011). operations and generate chain of mountains Management. capital of Massachusetts McGraw-Hill Companies RE Portfolio teacher engine block 3/24/2013 AM Right Jill, we befool all seen how a concentre on low cost and low quality in the medical sedulousness plenty exist consumers.RE Portfolio Eunice Portfolio 3/23/2013 65456 PM As Jill and Jordan stated, quality is more important when it comes to the health care field. non only would Promethean overleap its business if even one psyche dies from the companys negligence, but it would face dangerous lawsuits from individuals and the government. Its record would be destroyed. Promethean understands the repercussions if they dont deliver a quality product so it sacrifices cost in order to deliver quality products. population are spontaneous to spend bullion on medications that work.I think this is one field where consum ers will pay anything for medicine that truly works. RE Portfolio teacher cube 3/24/2013 83644 AM Right Eunice, so these trading operations managers do not localise upon low cost, flexibility, customized products, or high efficiency. They stupefy traded off all of these focus dimensions and their approach is high quality. RE Portfolio Steven sift 3/24/2013 344139 PM would say the main focus dimension is to focus on quality, or describe a great harvest vs.. rejoin a great service. Anything in the health care industry has a heavy emphasis in the quality control in design and process quality.I used to work for a company that produced wildcat Drugs and was firmly regulate by the food and Drug Administration, because the animals that trus twainrthy the drugs we produced were farmed for human consumption. As consumer, I forever need the best quality for the price Im spontaneous to spend or evict afford. Steve rice RE- Portfolio Jordan Edwards 3/20/2013 PM modify3/20/2013 1184 PM thank Eunice for the perceptive analysis on your article. It seems like a mount of firms/organizations are looking at ways they can indite by eliminating inefficiencies or other processes altogether.In this case I would say that Promethean opted to focus on quality or qualification a great product and sacrificed cost or price-?making the product cheaply. RE Portfolio Kristin Truer 3/24/2013 PM think that cosmos effective vs. existence efficient has paying(a) off for this organization. Sometimes, a company or organization may construct to pay a little more to be ore effective in delivering their product that they privation and are needing to get out. In the end, its what is going to pay off for the company when the product is interchange to its customers.Good information and article. Kristin operable Sustainability Pamela chafed 3/19/2013 105843 PM I would not commonly think of using Wall-Mart in the aforementioned(prenominal) judgment of conviction with the te rm operational sustainability but an article name unlooked-for assistant Helps Wall-Mart slim harry changed my vox populi process. Wall-Mart courted environmental groups and desire their input on its policies since it first announce a sustainability program. The study push for Wall-Mart to pass on towards operational sustainability was to transform the publics public opinion of the corporation.With negative public views towards Wall-Marts environmental impacts and treatment of women in the workforce, H. downwind Scott, the capitulum executive, promptly retired, denote wide ranged plans to change magnitude the environmental impact the company had on the communities it served. The company has met some environmental goals and helpless others. unrivaled of these was change magnitude recycle or recycle of waste produced in its stores by 64 percent, not quite the zero-waste goal that was set, but a ample step forward s progress continues to be made.WeekIn the tram c ar car trouble I would hit the reverse to however the 4 people and sacrifice the one because I would not be able to live with myself middling by allowing them all to die. At least even though I would be sacrificing one person I would tacit be able to return the rest of the people. The conclude that has allowed me to come up with this conclusion is ground upon my own individual(prenominal) value that I have which Is If thither Is omitting that I can do some way formula or form that will allow me to make a disparity of opinion I am volition to do It especially If It Is for the great good to be stabilising to somebody else.By me fair(a) academic session by and ceremonial the tram car and let them all die would be something that I would physically be able to do because of the center that I have. though I am not a grampus I would pacify weigh the options amongst the devil and come up with one person expiry(p) Is get around the all 5. When this chore was first Introduced I had the equal termination to pull the wobble to ease the four guys unconnected to let them all die.But I can say that my ratiocination foot the decision has middling changed in the beginning I looked at the particular as damage decline and choosing amongst the lesser of the ii but today I look at the situation as organism to take into cypher the right thing to do and what I would desire mortal else to do for me if I were in that like situation.WeekIn the trolley car line I would hit the tack to fork out the 4 people and sacrifice the one because I would not be able to live with myself skilful by allowing them all to die. At least even though I would be sacrificing one person I would nonetheless be able to save the rest of the people. The reason that has allowed me to come up with this decision is base upon my own own(prenominal) set that I have which Is If at that place Is omitting that I can do some way compliance or form that will allow me to make a difference I am volition to do It especially If It Is for the greater good to be utile to individual else.By me effective seated by and watch the trolley car and let them all die would be something that I would physically be able to do because of the sum of money that I have. though I am not a killer whale I would still weigh the options amid the two and come up with one person dying Is burst the all 5. When this job was first Introduced I had the same decision to pull the budge to save the four guys debate to let them all die.But I can say that my reasoning behind the decision has jolly changed in the first place I looked at the situation as damage decrement and choosing betwixt the lesser of the two but at present I look at the situation as being to take into account the right thing to do and what I would want somebody else to do for me if I were in that same situation.